Lesson 9: Exercise across the Lifespan Flashcards
Infancy
first year of life
Childhood
first birthday to puberty
Secondary sex characteristics begin to develop at ______
puberty
Adolescence
Puberty to growth completion
Hormones that induce puberty
Testosterone (Androgen)
Estrogens
What does exercise look like for a child?
Active play
Sports
Playgrounds
What does exercise look like for an adolescent?
Sports
Athletic participation
Bikes for transportation
In childhood through young adulthood, as age increases, ______ and _____ ____ also increase
Strength; muscle mass
Strength/muscle mass peaks at around ____ years for women
20
Strength/muscle mass peaks at around ____ years for men
20-30
Strength, power, and skill requires _______ because peak performance requires neural maturity
myelination
Boys experience marked changes in myelination/growth at around ___ years
12
Do boys or girls hit growth spurts first?
Girls – tend to have more gradual, linear change
Related to body size, resting and submaximal blood pressure is higher/lower in adults compared to children
lower
Children have higher/lower peripheral resistance during exercise
lower
A child has a higher/lower heart rate
higher
A child has a higher/lower cardiac output than an adult
lower
A child has a higher/lower stroke volume than adults
lower b/c smaller heart and lower blood volume
Children have a higher/lower a-vO2 different than adults
higher
How does the maximal HR, SV, and cardiac output compare in children and adults?
Maximal HR is greater in children, but maximal SV is lower. Maximal cardiac output is lower in children.
Peak flow rates increase/decrease with age
increase
Do men or women have lower absolute value of lunch volume?
women
True or false: Metabolic function improves with age at rest and with exercise
True
Do children or adults have less oxygen delivery throughout the body?
Children
Children have a limited anaerobic performance compared to adults due to _____ _____ ______ ___ ___ ________
lower glycolytic capacity in the muscle
Resting stores of ____-___ in children are similar to those in adults.
ATP-PCr
True or false: Children’s acute responses to exercise is identical to those in adults
False; training needs differ
Training programs should be specialized to the developmental stage in three realms:
Psychological
Physiological
Movement Competency
Effects of exercise training on body weight and composition in children:
Decrease body weight/fat mass
Significant bone growth
Increase in fat free mass
Does strength training stunt a child’s growth?
No
What strength gains can a child get from weight lifting?
Only neural mechanisms; no hypertrophy
Weight lifting for children should be ______ and _______
prescribed; supervised
What gains in strength can an adolescent achieve from weight lifting?
neural mechanisms & hypertrophy
Aerobic training in children results in ___ changes in VO2 max
little to no
What benefit do children get from aerobic training?
increased performance in running economy, lol
Aerobic training in adolescents results in more marked changes in ____, most likely due to an increased _____ and stroke volume
VO2max; heart size
Anaerobic training in children leads to increased ________, ____, _____, and _______
resting PCr, ATP, glycogen, maximal blood lactate
What age is considered “older adult?”
65+
True or false: The number of individuals over age 50 engaged in sport and exercise decreased compared to 30 years ago
False; have some faith, girl
Due to a lack of weight-bearing exercise behaviorally, _____ _____ _____ decreases with age as bone resorption is greater than bone synthesis
Bone mineral content
Why do post-menopausal women experience greater osteoporosis?
Loss of estrogen produced
Type __ fiber loss with aging
II
