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EXS 102: Exercise Physiology II > Lesson 9: Exercise across the Lifespan > Flashcards

Lesson 9: Exercise across the Lifespan Flashcards

1
Q

Infancy

A

first year of life

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1
Q

Childhood

A

first birthday to puberty

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2
Q

Secondary sex characteristics begin to develop at ______

A

puberty

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3
Q

Adolescence

A

Puberty to growth completion

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4
Q

Hormones that induce puberty

A

Testosterone (Androgen)
Estrogens

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5
Q

What does exercise look like for a child?

A

Active play
Sports
Playgrounds

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6
Q

What does exercise look like for an adolescent?

A

Sports
Athletic participation
Bikes for transportation

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7
Q

In childhood through young adulthood, as age increases, ______ and _____ ____ also increase

A

Strength; muscle mass

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8
Q

Strength/muscle mass peaks at around ____ years for women

A

20

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9
Q

Strength/muscle mass peaks at around ____ years for men

A

20-30

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10
Q

Strength, power, and skill requires _______ because peak performance requires neural maturity

A

myelination

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11
Q

Boys experience marked changes in myelination/growth at around ___ years

A

12

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12
Q

Do boys or girls hit growth spurts first?

A

Girls – tend to have more gradual, linear change

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13
Q

Related to body size, resting and submaximal blood pressure is higher/lower in adults compared to children

A

lower

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14
Q

Children have higher/lower peripheral resistance during exercise

A

lower

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15
Q

A child has a higher/lower heart rate

A

higher

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16
Q

A child has a higher/lower cardiac output than an adult

A

lower

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17
Q

A child has a higher/lower stroke volume than adults

A

lower b/c smaller heart and lower blood volume

18
Q

Children have a higher/lower a-vO2 different than adults

A

higher

19
Q

How does the maximal HR, SV, and cardiac output compare in children and adults?

A

Maximal HR is greater in children, but maximal SV is lower. Maximal cardiac output is lower in children.

20
Q

Peak flow rates increase/decrease with age

A

increase

21
Q

Do men or women have lower absolute value of lunch volume?

A

women

22
Q

True or false: Metabolic function improves with age at rest and with exercise

A

True

23
Q

Do children or adults have less oxygen delivery throughout the body?

A

Children

24
Q

Children have a limited anaerobic performance compared to adults due to _____ _____ ______ ___ ___ ________

A

lower glycolytic capacity in the muscle

25
Q

Resting stores of ____-___ in children are similar to those in adults.

A

ATP-PCr

26
Q

True or false: Children’s acute responses to exercise is identical to those in adults

A

False; training needs differ

27
Q

Training programs should be specialized to the developmental stage in three realms:

A

Psychological
Physiological
Movement Competency

28
Q

Effects of exercise training on body weight and composition in children:

A

Decrease body weight/fat mass
Significant bone growth
Increase in fat free mass

29
Q

Does strength training stunt a child’s growth?

A

No

30
Q

What strength gains can a child get from weight lifting?

A

Only neural mechanisms; no hypertrophy

31
Q

Weight lifting for children should be ______ and _______

A

prescribed; supervised

32
Q

What gains in strength can an adolescent achieve from weight lifting?

A

neural mechanisms & hypertrophy

33
Q

Aerobic training in children results in ___ changes in VO2 max

A

little to no

34
Q

What benefit do children get from aerobic training?

A

increased performance in running economy, lol

35
Q

Aerobic training in adolescents results in more marked changes in ____, most likely due to an increased _____ and stroke volume

A

VO2max; heart size

36
Q

Anaerobic training in children leads to increased ________, ____, _____, and _______

A

resting PCr, ATP, glycogen, maximal blood lactate

37
Q

What age is considered “older adult?”

A

65+

38
Q

True or false: The number of individuals over age 50 engaged in sport and exercise decreased compared to 30 years ago

A

False; have some faith, girl

39
Q

Due to a lack of weight-bearing exercise behaviorally, _____ _____ _____ decreases with age as bone resorption is greater than bone synthesis

A

Bone mineral content

40
Q

Why do post-menopausal women experience greater osteoporosis?

A

Loss of estrogen produced

41
Q

Type __ fiber loss with aging

A

II

42
Q
A

EXS 102: Exercise Physiology II (12 decks)

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