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EXS 102: Exercise Physiology II > Lesson 5: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Lesson 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

Transport oxygen and nutrients via blood to provide a basis for energy transfer at rest and during a variety of activity levels.
Remove byproducts released during ventilation and energy transfer.

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2
Q

The right coronary artery splits off into the _____ and the ______

A

marginal artery
posterior interventricular artery

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3
Q

The left coronary artery splits off into the _______ and the ______

A

circumflex
left anterior descending artery

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4
Q

What is the “widowmaker?”

A

the left anterior descending artery

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5
Q

Coronary arteries branch from the ______ and encircle the ______

A

Aorta
Myocardium

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6
Q

Tell me about the myocardial metabolism, why don’tcha

A

Highly aerobic (3x more than skeletal muscle)
great capacity for fatty acid metabolism

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7
Q

What are some attributes of cardiac muscle?

A

Involuntary
Interconnected allowing for united muscle action

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8
Q

What is the membrane surrounding the heart?

A

Pericardium

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9
Q

What part of the heart forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart?

A

Epicardium

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10
Q

What part of the heart makes up the middle layer, also known as the heart muscle?

A

Myocardium

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11
Q

What is the inner membrane of the heart?

A

Endocardium

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12
Q

List the outermost layer of the heart to the innermost

A

Pericardium, epicardium, mycardium, endocardium

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13
Q

Pathway of blood through the heart, starting from the vena cava:

A

Vena Cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Mitral valve
Left ventricle
Aortic Valve
Aorta

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14
Q

3 Factors lead to blood pumping from the heart

A

Electrical
Neural
Pressure and Volume

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15
Q

The heart is intrinsically controlled by _____

A

nodes

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16
Q

The _____ is the natural pacemaker

A

SA node

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17
Q

The _____ node is between the atrium and the ventricle.

A

AV

18
Q

Purpose of the AV node:

A
19
Q

True or False: if the SA node stops working, then the AV node could take over, just very slowly.

A

True

20
Q

AV bundle is sometimes called _____

A

bundle of his

21
Q

Which contracts first, atria or ventricle?

A

Atria

22
Q

Where is the SA node located?

A

By the superior vena cava on the upper right atrium

23
Q

The perkinje fibers are located on the

A

septum

24
Q

What is an ECG?

A

Measurement of electrical activity of the heart obtained by skin surface electrodes.

25
Q

How many electrodes and leads are on an ECG?

A

10 electrodes
12 leads

26
Q

True or false: The location of the electrodes of an ECG doesn’t matter, but the number does

A

False

27
Q

The ______ is the largest chamber of the heart

A

left ventricle

28
Q

Neural control of the heart is intrinsic/extrinsic

A

Extrinsic

29
Q

Sympathetic is slowing down/speeding up

A

speeding up

30
Q

Parasympathetic is slowing down/speeding up

A

slowing down

31
Q

Neural control of the heart is done by which nervous system?

A

Autonomic (parasympathetic and sympathetic)

32
Q

The stimulation of sympathetic control releases __________

A

catecholamines

33
Q

What are the two types catecholamines?

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

34
Q

What is the tachycardic chronotropic response?

A

Increased heart rate via catecholamines

35
Q

What is the inotropic response?

A

Increase contractile force via catecholamines

36
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the release of ___________

A

acetylcholine (ACh)

37
Q

What does acetylcholine do to the heart?

A

Reduces heart rate / bradycardic chronotropic response
Vagus Nerve activation (no significant inotropic effect)

38
Q

What is the bradycardic chronotropic response?

A

reduced heart rate

39
Q

Parasympathetic tone primarily activates which part of the heart?

A

The atria

40
Q

Sympathetic tone primarily activates which part of the heart?

A

Both atria and ventricles equally

41
Q
A

EXS 102: Exercise Physiology II (12 decks)

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