Lesson 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are the two functions of the cardiovascular system?
Transport oxygen and nutrients via blood to provide a basis for energy transfer at rest and during a variety of activity levels.
Remove byproducts released during ventilation and energy transfer.
The right coronary artery splits off into the _____ and the ______
marginal artery
posterior interventricular artery
The left coronary artery splits off into the _______ and the ______
circumflex
left anterior descending artery
What is the “widowmaker?”
the left anterior descending artery
Coronary arteries branch from the ______ and encircle the ______
Aorta
Myocardium
Tell me about the myocardial metabolism, why don’tcha
Highly aerobic (3x more than skeletal muscle)
great capacity for fatty acid metabolism
What are some attributes of cardiac muscle?
Involuntary
Interconnected allowing for united muscle action
What is the membrane surrounding the heart?
Pericardium
What part of the heart forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart?
Epicardium
What part of the heart makes up the middle layer, also known as the heart muscle?
Myocardium
What is the inner membrane of the heart?
Endocardium
List the outermost layer of the heart to the innermost
Pericardium, epicardium, mycardium, endocardium
Pathway of blood through the heart, starting from the vena cava:
Vena Cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Mitral valve
Left ventricle
Aortic Valve
Aorta
3 Factors lead to blood pumping from the heart
Electrical
Neural
Pressure and Volume
The heart is intrinsically controlled by _____
nodes
The _____ is the natural pacemaker
SA node
The _____ node is between the atrium and the ventricle.
AV
Purpose of the AV node:
True or False: if the SA node stops working, then the AV node could take over, just very slowly.
True
AV bundle is sometimes called _____
bundle of his
Which contracts first, atria or ventricle?
Atria
Where is the SA node located?
By the superior vena cava on the upper right atrium
The perkinje fibers are located on the
septum
What is an ECG?
Measurement of electrical activity of the heart obtained by skin surface electrodes.
How many electrodes and leads are on an ECG?
10 electrodes
12 leads
True or false: The location of the electrodes of an ECG doesn’t matter, but the number does
False
The ______ is the largest chamber of the heart
left ventricle
Neural control of the heart is intrinsic/extrinsic
Extrinsic
Sympathetic is slowing down/speeding up
speeding up
Parasympathetic is slowing down/speeding up
slowing down
Neural control of the heart is done by which nervous system?
Autonomic (parasympathetic and sympathetic)
The stimulation of sympathetic control releases __________
catecholamines
What are the two types catecholamines?
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
What is the tachycardic chronotropic response?
Increased heart rate via catecholamines
What is the inotropic response?
Increase contractile force via catecholamines
The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the release of ___________
acetylcholine (ACh)
What does acetylcholine do to the heart?
Reduces heart rate / bradycardic chronotropic response
Vagus Nerve activation (no significant inotropic effect)
What is the bradycardic chronotropic response?
reduced heart rate
Parasympathetic tone primarily activates which part of the heart?
The atria
Sympathetic tone primarily activates which part of the heart?
Both atria and ventricles equally
