MIDTERM LEC: SPORE FORMING GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI

Question 1

APPEARANCE: Gram positive (Purple)

Answer 1

SPORE FORMING GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI

Question 2

TECHNIQUE: Hucker’s modification
o Crystal violet
o Grams iodine
o Acid Alcohol
o Safranin

Answer 2

SPORE FORMING GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI

Question 3

Responsible for resistance to extreme conditions

Answer 3

SPORES (endospores)

Question 4

Protect from harsh environment

Answer 4

SPORES (endospores)

Question 5

process that bacteria forms
spores (protective appendages)

Answer 5

Sporalate

Question 6

Tend to make their own spores to protect themselves.

Answer 6

SPORES (endospores)

Question 7

THERMOPHILIC (can survive 55 degrees above).

Answer 7

SPORES (endospores)

Question 8

O2 requirement

BACILLUS:

Answer 8

Aerobic

Question 9

Catalase

BACILLUS:

Answer 9

POSITIVE

Question 10

Gas production

BACILLUS:

Answer 10

NEGATIVE

Question 11

O2 requirements

CLOSTRIDIUM:

Answer 11

ANAEROBIC

Question 12

Catalase

CLOSTRIDIUM:

Answer 12

NEGATIVE

Question 13

Gas production

CLOSTRIDIUM:

Answer 13

POSITIVE

Question 14

catalase reagent used:

Answer 14

3% hydrogen peroxide

Question 15

only observe in culture
media in tubes (plates seldom only)

Answer 15

Gas production

Question 16

Appearance (culture if there is
gas production):

Answer 16

bubbles, culture media can form cracks (tube)

Question 17

There are more than ____ species within the genus.

Answer 17

300

Question 18

Members of the genus Bacillus are metabolically diverse, and some species are ____ that grow best at _______.

Answer 18

thermophiles; 55° C or higher

Question 19

tend to live in a different temperature

Answer 19

Diverse

Question 20

The survival of Bacillus spp. in nature is aided by the formation of ______.

Answer 20

spores

Question 21

Largest pathogenic bacteria

Answer 21

Bacillus anthracis

Question 22

Large single organism

Answer 22

Bacillus anthracis

Question 23

Also known as “Anthrax Bacillus”

Answer 23

Bacillus anthracis

Question 24

Produces 2 virulence factors produced by _____ (can be found in the structure of Bacillus anthracis).

Answer 24

PLASMID

Question 25

Bacillus anthracis VIRULENCE FACTORS:

Answer 25

1. D-glutamic acid capsule
2. Anthrax toxin

Question 26

This particular isomer of glutamic acid is resistant to hydrolysis (addition of H2O) by host proteolytic enzymes because it is the
“unnatural” (zymogen) form of the amino
acid

Answer 26

D-glutamic acid capsule

Question 27

process introduce water
bond

Answer 27

Resistance to hydrolysis

Question 28

– produced D-glutamic acid
 Although the capsule is necessary for
virulence, antibodies against the capsule do
not confer immunity

Answer 28

PLASMID PX02

Question 29

produced by anthrax toxin

Answer 29

PLASMID PX01

Question 30

PLASMID PX01 consist of three proteins:

Answer 30

1. Protective antigen (PA)
2. Edema factor (EF)
3. Lethal factor (LF)

Question 31

Each of which individually is nontoxic but
which together act synergistically to produce
damaging effects.

Answer 31

PLASMID PX01 three proteins

Question 32

serves as a necessary binding molecule for EF and LF, permitting their attachment to specific
receptors on the host cell’s surface

Answer 32

PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN (PA)

Question 33

is an adenylate cyclase, release of water and electrolytes

Answer 33

EDEMA FACTOR (EF)

Question 34

is a protease the inhibit protein synthesis

Answer 34

LETHAL FACTOR (LF)

Question 35

PA + LF =

Answer 35

DEATH

Question 36

PA + EF =

Answer 36

EDEMA

Question 37

Bacillus anthracis
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Answer 37

1. Cutaneous Anthrax
2. Inhalation Anthrax
3. Gastrointestinal Anthrax
4. Injectional Anthrax

Question 38

 Direct contact; zoonotic contact
 Starts when there is an open wound.

Answer 38

Cutaneous Anthrax

Question 39

 A small pimple (2 to 3 days after exposure)
 eventually ulcerates and dries, forming a
depressed black necrotic central area known
as an** eschar or black eschar**

Answer 39

Cutaneous Anthrax

Question 40

Cutaneous Anthrax Malignant postule;

Answer 40

90%

Question 41

 Respiratory anthrax
 Also known as Woolsorter’s disease, is acquired when spores are inhaled into the
pulmonary parenchyma.
 Bioterrorism agent

Answer 41

Inhalation Anthrax

Question 42

 most fatal form – paspas mukalat ; 2%
 Ingestion of the spores
 The symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, and vomiting. Bloody diarrhea can also occur.
 Difficult to diagnose

Answer 42

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

Question 43

 Not common; mostly common in person
using drugs
 Injection anthrax is characterized by soft
tissue infection associated with “skin
popping”
 Lack of eschar, severity of disease, and increased mortality rate make this form
clinically distinct from the cutaneous form.

Answer 43

Injectional Anthrax

Question 44

Bacillus anthracis TREATMENT

• The CDC recommends that ________be used for initial intravenous therapy until antimicrobial susceptibility results are known.

Answer 44

ciprofloxacin or doxycycline

Question 44

Bacillus anthracis TREATMENT
- Most isolates of B. anthracis are susceptible to penicillin, but resistance can occur in the absence of ______.

Answer 44

B-lactamase production

Question 45

Bacillus anthracis TREATMENT
- Standard form culture agar:

Answer 45

MHA (muellerhinton agar)

Question 46

Bacillus anthracis TREATMENT
- what biosafety cabinet should used?

Answer 46

Biosafety Level 3

Question 47

a large, square-ended, grampositive rod found singly or in chains.

Answer 47

B. anthracis LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: MICROSCOPY

Question 48

Gives the appearance of bamboo pole arrangement.

Answer 48

B. anthracis LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: MICROSCOPY

Question 49

Centrally located endospores

Answer 49

B. anthracis LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: MICROSCOPY

Question 50

B. anthracis LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: STAIN

Answer 50

Schaeffer Fulton

Question 51

The spores are generally not present in clinical samples.

Answer 51

B. anthracis LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: MICROSCOPY

Question 52

Spores can be observed with a spore stain.
With this technique, vegetative cells stain
red, and the spores stain green.

Answer 52

B. anthracis LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: MICROSCOPY

Question 53

SPORES STAIN GREEN

Answer 53

Malachite Green

Question 54

VEGETATIVE CELLS STAIN RED

Answer 54

Safranin