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CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY > ENHANCEMENT CLASS: HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY > Flashcards

ENHANCEMENT CLASS: HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

First true microbiologist

A

ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723)

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2
Q

Father of bacteriology and protozoology

A

ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723)

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3
Q

used the term “animalcules”

A

ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723)

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4
Q

used self-made single lens microscope with 50-300x

A

ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723)

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5
Q

used self-made single lens microscope with 50-300x

A

ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723)

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6
Q

invalidated the long-held beloef that life forms could arise from non-living things

A

FRANCESCO REDI (1626-1697)

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7
Q

observe that the sealed flask with boiled mutton broth became cloudy after standing

A

JOHN NEEDHAM (1731-1781)

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8
Q

organic matter possessed a “vital force” that could give rise to life

A

JOHN NEEDHAM (1731-1781)

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9
Q

improved the previous experiments of Needham by heating the broth

A

LAZZARO SPALLANZANI (1729-1799)

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10
Q

improved the previous experiments of Needham by heating the broth

A

LAZZARO SPALLANZANI (1729-1799)

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11
Q

concluded that microorganisms from the air probably had entered Needham’s concoction after they were boiled

A

LAZZARO SPALLANZANI (1729-1799)

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12
Q

challenge the docrine of spontaneous generation with the concept of biogenesis

A

RUDOLF VIRCHOW (1821-1902)

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13
Q

disproved the doctrine of spontaneous generation

A

LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895)

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14
Q

disproved the doctrine of spontaneous generation

A

LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895)

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15
Q

proposed the use of heat in killing microorganisms = “aseptic technique”

A

LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895)

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16
Q

improved the wine-making process (fermentation and pasteurization)

A

LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895)

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17
Q

developed vaccines of anthrax (1881) and rabies (1885)

A

LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895)

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18
Q

first to show irrefutable proof that bacteria indeed cause diseases

A

ROBERT KOCH (1843-1910)

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19
Q

discovery Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

ROBERT KOCH (1843-1910)

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20
Q

developed a culture medium for observing growth of bacteria isolated from human body

A

ROBERT KOCH (1843-1910)

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21
Q

The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms.

A

Koch’s Postulates

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22
Q

The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.

A

Koch’s Postulates

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23
Q

The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.

A

Koch’s Postulates

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24
Q

The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and Identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.

A

Koch’s Postulates

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25
study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them
PARASITOLOGY
26
study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as well as dangers
MYCOLOGY
27
study of viruses submicroscopic, parasitic particles of genetic material contained in a protein coat and virus-like agents
VIROLOGY
28
• involves the identification, • classification, and characterization of bacterial species
BACTERIOLOGY
29
lack mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or Golgi bodies
BACTERIA
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some obtain nutrients thru INGESTION
PARASITES
31
obtain nutrients the ABSORPTION
FUNGI
32
consist of DNA or RNA but rarely both
VIRUS
33
NEITHER Prokaryote or Eukaryote
VIRUS
34
5 Basic Parts of Bacteria
Cell Body Capsule Flagella Pili/Fimbriae
35
hold the organelles
CELL BODY
36
hold the organelles
CELL BODY
37
✓ for cell rigidity ✓ exterior strength ✓ Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma: lacks cell wall
CELL WALL
38
✓ nutrient exchange ✓ osmotic regulation
CELL MEMBRANE
39
WHAT VACCINE DEVELOPED BY LOUIS PASTEUR?
FOR ANTHRAX AND RABIES
40
2 MICROORGANISMS THAT DISCOVERED BY ROBERT KOCH
Bacillus anthracis Mycobacterium tuberculosis
41
Prokaryote?
Bacteria
42
Eukaryote?
Parasites and fungi
43
Neither prokaryote or eukaryote
Virus
44
Some are capable of locomotion locomotive structures of parasite:
Flagella Pseudopodia Cilia
45
Fungi 2 morphologies
Yeast: at human temperature (37C) Hyphae/mycelial forms/molds: at room temperature (22C)
46
2 microorganism that lacks cell wall
Mycoplasma Ureaplasma
47
✓ Nutrient exchange ✓ Osmotic regulation
Cell membrane
48
- Sugar or amino acid residues - Protects from WBC phagocytosis - The only way to engulf is by opsonization (antibody attachment to capsule)
Capsule
49
- Tail structure of protein - Locomotion - Affixed in a basal body - The basal body spins around and spins the flagellum
Flagella
50
Flagella Arrangement Types:
- Peritrichous - Atrichous (no flagella) - Lophotrichous - Amphitrichous - Monotrichous
51
Flagella Arrangement Types: uniformly distributed over the body
Peritrichous
52
Flagella Arrangement Types: no flagella
Atrichous
53
Flagella Arrangement Types: presence of multiple flagella arising from the same point in the cell
Lophotrichous
54
Flagella Arrangement Types: flagellum found on both ends of an organism
Amphitrichous
55
Flagella Arrangement Types: having a single flagellum at one end
Monotrichous
56
Shorter than flagella
Pili/Fimbriae
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Mediate DNA exchange via conjugation
Pili/Sex pilus
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Adherence to the environment
Fimbriae
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- Metabolically dormant forms - Survivability in extreme conditions
Endospore
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Resistant to heat (boiling), cold, drying and chemical reagents
Endospore
61
How to kill endospore?
AUTOCLAVING: 121C, 15 psi, 15 mins
62
3 MORPHOLOGY OF BACTERIA
COCCI (spherical) BACILLUS/BACILLI (rod-shape) SPIROCHETES (spiral)
63
COCCI (spherical)
- Coccus: singly - Diplococci: in pairs - Streptococci: in chains - Staphylococcus: in clusters - Tetrads - Sarcina
64
BACILLUS/BACILLI (rod-shape)
- Coccobacilli - Fusiform (tapered end) - Vibrio/comma - Palisades (align side by side)
65
MORPHOLOGY ASSESSMENT DOES NOT YIELD A CONCLUSIVE INDENTIFICATION. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE

CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY (7 decks)

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