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CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY > ENHANCEMENT CLASS: HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY > Flashcards

ENHANCEMENT CLASS: HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

First true microbiologist

A

ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723)

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2
Q

Father of bacteriology and protozoology

A

ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723)

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3
Q

used the term “animalcules”

A

ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723)

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4
Q

used self-made single lens microscope with 50-300x

A

ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723)

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5
Q

used self-made single lens microscope with 50-300x

A

ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723)

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6
Q

invalidated the long-held beloef that life forms could arise from non-living things

A

FRANCESCO REDI (1626-1697)

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7
Q

observe that the sealed flask with boiled mutton broth became cloudy after standing

A

JOHN NEEDHAM (1731-1781)

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8
Q

organic matter possessed a “vital force” that could give rise to life

A

JOHN NEEDHAM (1731-1781)

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9
Q

improved the previous experiments of Needham by heating the broth

A

LAZZARO SPALLANZANI (1729-1799)

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10
Q

improved the previous experiments of Needham by heating the broth

A

LAZZARO SPALLANZANI (1729-1799)

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11
Q

concluded that microorganisms from the air probably had entered Needham’s concoction after they were boiled

A

LAZZARO SPALLANZANI (1729-1799)

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12
Q

challenge the docrine of spontaneous generation with the concept of biogenesis

A

RUDOLF VIRCHOW (1821-1902)

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13
Q

disproved the doctrine of spontaneous generation

A

LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895)

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14
Q

disproved the doctrine of spontaneous generation

A

LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895)

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15
Q

proposed the use of heat in killing microorganisms = “aseptic technique”

A

LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895)

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16
Q

improved the wine-making process (fermentation and pasteurization)

A

LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895)

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17
Q

developed vaccines of anthrax (1881) and rabies (1885)

A

LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895)

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18
Q

first to show irrefutable proof that bacteria indeed cause diseases

A

ROBERT KOCH (1843-1910)

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19
Q

discovery Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

ROBERT KOCH (1843-1910)

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20
Q

developed a culture medium for observing growth of bacteria isolated from human body

A

ROBERT KOCH (1843-1910)

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21
Q

The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms.

A

Koch’s Postulates

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22
Q

The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.

A

Koch’s Postulates

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23
Q

The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.

A

Koch’s Postulates

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24
Q

The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and Identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.

A

Koch’s Postulates

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25
Q

study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them

A

PARASITOLOGY

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26
Q

study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as well as dangers

A

MYCOLOGY

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27
Q

study of viruses submicroscopic, parasitic particles of genetic material contained in a protein coat and virus-like agents

A

VIROLOGY

28
Q

• involves the identification,
• classification, and characterization of bacterial species

A

BACTERIOLOGY

29
Q

lack mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or Golgi bodies

A

BACTERIA

30
Q

some obtain nutrients thru INGESTION

A

PARASITES

31
Q

obtain nutrients the ABSORPTION

A

FUNGI

32
Q

consist of DNA or RNA but rarely both

A

VIRUS

33
Q

NEITHER Prokaryote or Eukaryote

A

VIRUS

34
Q

5 Basic Parts of Bacteria

A

Cell Body
Capsule
Flagella
Pili/Fimbriae

35
Q

hold the organelles

A

CELL BODY

36
Q

hold the organelles

A

CELL BODY

37
Q

✓ for cell rigidity
✓ exterior strength
✓ Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma: lacks cell wall

A

CELL WALL

38
Q

✓ nutrient exchange
✓ osmotic regulation

A

CELL MEMBRANE

39
Q

WHAT VACCINE DEVELOPED BY LOUIS PASTEUR?

A

FOR ANTHRAX AND RABIES

40
Q

2 MICROORGANISMS THAT DISCOVERED BY ROBERT KOCH

A

Bacillus anthracis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

41
Q

Prokaryote?

A

Bacteria

42
Q

Eukaryote?

A

Parasites and fungi

43
Q

Neither prokaryote or eukaryote

A

Virus

44
Q

Some are capable of locomotion
locomotive structures of parasite:

A

Flagella
Pseudopodia
Cilia

45
Q

Fungi 2 morphologies

A

Yeast: at human temperature (37C)

Hyphae/mycelial forms/molds: at room temperature (22C)

46
Q

2 microorganism that lacks cell wall

A

Mycoplasma
Ureaplasma

47
Q

✓ Nutrient exchange
✓ Osmotic regulation

A

Cell membrane

48
Q
  • Sugar or amino acid residues
  • Protects from WBC phagocytosis
  • The only way to engulf is by opsonization (antibody attachment to capsule)
A

Capsule

49
Q
  • Tail structure of protein
  • Locomotion
  • Affixed in a basal body
  • The basal body spins around and spins the flagellum
A

Flagella

50
Q

Flagella Arrangement Types:

A
  • Peritrichous
  • Atrichous (no flagella)
  • Lophotrichous
  • Amphitrichous
  • Monotrichous
51
Q

Flagella Arrangement Types:
uniformly distributed over the body

A

Peritrichous

52
Q

Flagella Arrangement Types:
no flagella

A

Atrichous

53
Q

Flagella Arrangement Types:
presence of multiple flagella arising from the same point in the cell

A

Lophotrichous

54
Q

Flagella Arrangement Types:
flagellum found on both ends of an organism

A

Amphitrichous

55
Q

Flagella Arrangement Types:
having a single flagellum at one end

A

Monotrichous

56
Q

Shorter than flagella

A

Pili/Fimbriae

57
Q

Mediate DNA exchange via conjugation

A

Pili/Sex pilus

58
Q

Adherence to the environment

A

Fimbriae

59
Q
  • Metabolically dormant forms
  • Survivability in extreme conditions
A

Endospore

60
Q

Resistant to heat (boiling), cold, drying and chemical reagents

A

Endospore

61
Q

How to kill endospore?

A

AUTOCLAVING: 121C, 15 psi, 15 mins

62
Q

3 MORPHOLOGY OF BACTERIA

A

COCCI (spherical)
BACILLUS/BACILLI (rod-shape)
SPIROCHETES (spiral)

63
Q

COCCI (spherical)

A
  • Coccus: singly
  • Diplococci: in pairs
  • Streptococci: in chains
  • Staphylococcus: in clusters
  • Tetrads
  • Sarcina
64
Q

BACILLUS/BACILLI (rod-shape)

A
  • Coccobacilli
  • Fusiform (tapered end)
  • Vibrio/comma
  • Palisades (align side by side)
65
Q

MORPHOLOGY ASSESSMENT DOES NOT YIELD A CONCLUSIVE INDENTIFICATION. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY (7 decks)

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