Midterm III: Trigeminal Nerve, CN V (Ben) Flashcards
What are CN V’s four different nuclei?
What type of nucleus is each?
Where are they?
-
Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus
- SS (proprioceptive)
- midbrain
-
Principle (Pontine) Sensory Nucleus
- SS (epicritic)
- pons
-
Motor Trigeminal Nucleus
- BM (1st pharyngeal arch)
- pons
-
Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus
- SS (protopathic)
- medulla
What is the brain exit of CN V?
Dural exit?
Skull exit?
Brain - between pons and brachium pontis
Dural - Meckel’s Cave
- Ophthalmic - cavernous sinus
- Maxillary - cavernous sinus
- Mandibular - foramen ovale
Skull:
- Ophthalmic - superior orbital fissure
- Maxillary - foramen rotundum
- Mandibular - foramen ovale
What is the sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve?
Where is it?
Trigeminal Ganglion (AKA Gasserian, Semilunar)
- in Meckel’s Cave (next to cavernous sinus)
To which two nuclei do the trigeminal ganglion’s postganglionic fibers go?
- Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus
- Principle Pontine Nucleus of CN V
What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
- Opthalmic
- Maxillary
- Mandibular
What kind of nerve is the ophthalmic nerve (V/1)?
somatosensory
What are the branches of the ophthalmic nerve?
Which of these branches have further branching we need to know?
(don’t list the further branches, that comes next)
- Recurrent Tentorial Branch
- Lacrimal N.
- Frontal N. - (2 further branches)
- Nasociliary N. - (5 further branches)
What does the lacrimal nerve supply?
Sensory innervation to…
- lacrimal gland
- skin of lateral corner of eye
What “guest fibers” does the lacrimal nerve carry?
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the zygomatic nerve via the pterygopalatine ganglion
for motor innervation of the lacrimal gland
What are the branches of the frontal nerve?
- Supratrochlear Nerve
- Supraorbital Nerve
What does the supratrochlear nerve innervate?
- medial upper eyelid
- glabella
- root of nose
What does the supraorbital nerve innervate?
- conjunctiva
- upper eyelid
- forehead/scalp
- frontal sinus
What are the 5 branches of the nasociliary nerve?
- Communicating Branch (ciliary ganglion)
- Long Ciliary Nerves
- Posterior Ethmoidal N.
- Anterior Ethmoidal N.
- Infratrochlear N.
Describe the function of the communicating branch of the nasociliary nerve.
(also known as sensory root of ciliary ganglion)
carries sensory fibers from the eye…
…through the ciliary ganglion (no synapse there, only fibers)…
…into the nasociliary nerve
(which then go back to ophthalmic n. > trigeminal ganglion > trigeminal n.)
Where do the long ciliary nerves/branches come from?
What do they innervate?
(hint: one sensory innervation + one motor via “guest fibers”)
- from the nasociliary nerve
innervate:
- eyeball (incl. cornea)
-
dilator pupillae
- via symp. guest fibers from sup. cervical ganglion
What is the posterior ethmoidal nerve a branch of?
What does it innervate?
And how does it get there?
- branch of nasociliary nerve
innervates:
- sphenoid sinus
- posterior ethmoidal air cells
- via the posterior ethmoidal foramen
What is the anterior ethmoidal nerve a branch of?
What are its branches/innervations?
- branch of the nasociliary nerve
- Anterior Meningeal Branches
-
Interior Nasal Branches
- anter-superior nasal mucosa
-
External Nasal Branches
- dorsum/tip of nose
What is the infratrochlear nerve a branch of?
What does it innervate?
- branch of nasociliary nerve
innervates:
- eyelid skin
- root of nose
What kind of nerve is the maxillary nerve?
What are its 4 main branches?
Somatosensory
-
“Ganglionic Branches”
- to pterygopalatine ganglion
- Zygomatic Nerve
- Infraorbital Nerve
- Meningeal Branch
What is the course of the maxillary nerve after it leaves the trigeminal ganglion?
- along lateral wall of cavernous sinus
- through foramen rotundum
- into pterygopalatine fossa
- part goes thru pterygopalatine ganglion (without synapsing)
- part continues on to give zygomatic n. and infraorbital n.
What are 5 important ganglionic branches of the maxillary nerve?
- Nasopalatine Nerve - (incisive canal)
- Greater Palatine Nerve - (gr. palatine foramen)
- Lesser Palatine Nerve - (lesser palatine foramen)
- Posterior Superior Nasal Nerve - (med/lat branches)
- Posterior Inferior Nasal Nerve
N.GP.LP.PSN.PIN
What is the infraorbital nerve a branch of?
What are its 6 branches?
(hint: broken into 2 groups)
Infraorbital nerve arises from maxillary nerve (V/2)
and gives…
Superior Dental Plexus:
- Posterior Superior Alveolar Branches
- Middle Superior Alveolar Branches
- Anterior Superior Alveolar Branches
Pes Anserinus Minor:
- Inferior Palpebral Branch
- External Nasal Branch
- Superior Labial Branch
What is the zygomatic nerve a branch of?
What are its 3 branches?
The zygomatic nerve branches off of the maxillary nerve (V/2)…
and gives rise to…
- Zygomaticofacial N.
- Zygomaticotemporal N.
- Communication Branch - postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal nerve
How do the zygomatic and infraorbital nerves enter the orbit?
via the inferior orbital fissure
