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Public Health > Midterm Exam (Introduction/Concepts/Terminology) > Flashcards

Midterm Exam (Introduction/Concepts/Terminology) Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of health made by the WHO

A

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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2
Q

Oldest and largest organization of public health professionals

A

American Public Health Association (APHA; 1872)

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3
Q

Public health is a series of individuals, communities, activities, and programs working to ______ health, ______ disease, injury, premature death, and ______ conditions in which we all can be safe and healthy

A

Promote
Prevent
Ensure

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4
Q

What is policy #8331 of the APHA?

A

The Appropriate Role of Chiropractic in Patient Care

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5
Q

What does policy #8331 of the APHA say about the appropriate role of chiropractic in patient care?

A

Spinal manipulation by chiropractors is safe and effective for certain disorders of the neuromuscular system, particularly low back pain

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6
Q

According to the IOM, ________ is what we as a society collectively do to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy

A

Public health

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7
Q

Makes up the Triad or Triangle of Health. Where do allopathic medicine, chiropractic, and public health all fit in?

A 
Host = Chiropractic 
Agent = Allopathic 
Environment = Public health
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8
Q

What occurs when the triangle of health is out of balance?

A

Disease

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9
Q

What is the goal of the public health philosophy?

A

Prevent

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10
Q

There are ___ essential public health services with __ core functions

A

10 essential public health services

3 core functions

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11
Q

The goal of any community of health care provider should be to:

A

Prolong the number of years of healthy life of the population

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12
Q

The incidence of diseases within a population

A

Morbidity

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13
Q

The number of people who have died from a disease or condition

A

Mortality

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14
Q

Limit of natural life

A

Life span

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15
Q

The average length of life a person or group is likely to live

A

Life expectancy

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16
Q

Current life expectancy

A

78 years

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17
Q

What number of years has been attributed to advances in public health raising the life expectancy from late 40’s to 50’s in 1900 to the late 70’s and early 80’s today

A

25 years

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18
Q

Care that is based in an office setting. Considered to be more general than specialized and offers basic public health screenings

A

Primary care

19
Q

Care that is based in a hospital setting. Concerned with patients at,least partially non-ambulatory or bed ridden for a portion of the day. More specialized, intensive, and costly than primary care.

A

Secondary care

20
Q

Care that is based in a hospital setting. Uses more advanced techniques, technology, equipment, personnel, etc. Considered more specialized, intensive, and expensive then primary care.

A

Tertiary care

21
Q

Chiropractic care is considered to be a type of _____ care

A

Primary

22
Q

Prevention of the occurrence or incidence of illness or injury. Prevented by risk reduction in susceptible populations

A

Primary prevention

23
Q

Examples of Primary prevention

A

Water treatment

Seat belts

24
Q

Prevention of disease or injury progression by early detection and diagnosis and prompt intervention to reduce the extent of the burden of health (prevention of severity or prevalence of disease of injury)

A

Secondary prevention

25
Q

Examples of Secondary prevention

A

Medications
Exercise
Basic screening exams (BP, mammogram)

26
Q

Prevention of permanent disability or death due to illness or injury by ongoing care and rehabilitation for affected population. Treatment of complications and restoration of functions.

A

Tertiary prevention

27
Q

Examples of Tertiary prevention

A

Anything used to help a person who suffered from a stroke or myocardial infarction return to their normal daily activities

28
Q

Term that defines how public health services are organized and delivered

A

Healthcare infrastructure

29
Q

Major types of agencies

A

1) Governmental (public)
2) Quasi-Governmental (hybrid)
3) Non-governmental (private/NGO)

30
Q

Government agencies are operated and managed by ____________ and funded primarily by ___________

A

Government officials

Taxes or assessments

31
Q

How many state government agencies are there in the U.S?

A

51

One for each state + one for District of Columbia

32
Q

Principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services

A

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

33
Q

Largest department in the federal government

A

DHHS (25% of annual budget)

34
Q

Established in Atlanta in 1946

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

35
Q

Established by the United Nations in 1948

A

World Health Organization (WHO)

36
Q

Other agencies that also contribute to the nations health in the U.S.

A
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
  • Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
37
Q

Purpose of the state department of health

A

To promote, protect, and maintain the health and welfare of their citizens

38
Q

How many local health departments are there nationwide?

A

Almost 3,000

39
Q

Examples of Quasi-governmental agencies

A

Red Cross (Red Crescent or Red Crystal)

40
Q

The “Big-Three” Non-governmental organizations

A
  • American Cancer Society
  • American Heart Association
  • American Lung Association
41
Q

Purpose of professional health organizations/associations

A

Promote high standards of professional practice for their specific profession

42
Q

Examples of professional health organizations/associations

A
  • American Medical Association
  • American Nursing Association
  • American Hospital Association
  • American Public Health Association
43
Q

What chiropractic group has status with the WHO as a formally affiliated NGO?

A

World Federation of Chiropractic

Public Health (6 decks)

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