Final Exam (Health Promotion and Behavior) Flashcards
The process of improving the health of a population by enabling people to increase control over their health
Health promotion
The communication of information intended to improve knowledge about health
Health education
Features of health behavior change
- Can be very difficult
- Often takes a long time
- Relapse is common
- Knowledge is usually not sufficient to motivate change
- People generally don’t like to be told what to do
- Motivation to change varies
- Even when people would like to make a change they often don’t now where to start or don’t have any support
Unhelpful assumptions/attitudes
- People ought to change
- People want to change
- Health is the primary motivator
- The intervention has failed if the person doesn’t choose change
- People are either motivated to change or not
- Now is the right time to choose to change
- A tough approach is the best approach
- I’m the expert; the person should follow my advice
1 motivator in humans
Pleasure
A biopsychosocial model to conceptualize the process of intentional behavioral change
Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change
The Transtheorectical model of behavior change is a self-help approach that views successful ___________ as possible, but only with ______________
Lifestyle changes
Considerable planning
Stages of the transtheoretical model of behavior change in order
1) Precontemplation
2) Contemplation
3) Preparation
4) Action
5) Maintenance
6) Termination
Person may be unaware of need for change of feels he or she can’t change.
Precontemplation
Key strategy of Precontemplation
Consciousness raising
The person is aware of problem behaviors and is beginning to think about change but not willing to commit effort to change at this time
Contemplation
Internal conflict that occurs when people feel their behavior is inconsistent with their intentions or values
Cognitive dissonance
Heightened physiological activity and extremes of emotion associated with subject may spur action in contemplation
Emotional arousal
Planning to take action within the next month
Preparation
3 serious mistakes people make during Preparation
1) Expect miracles and set unrealistic goals
2) Oversimplify the complexities associated with lifestyle changes and view it as a willpower issue
3) View change as temporary goal rather than a lifetime changes
Ways to avoid the 3 serious mistakes during preparation
1) Set specific, realistic goals (S.M.A.R.T.)
2) Realize that change is permanent
SMART goals
Goals that are: Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant Timely
How do you make a goal measurable?
Establish concrete criteria for measuring progress
How do you make a goal attainable?
Make the goal more realistic to help to ensure the patients success
How do you make a goal relevant?
Make goals that matter
How do you make a goal timely?
A goal should be grounded within a timely frame
Overt changes are made in behavior, experiences, or environment
Action
Important elements of Action
Rewards and incentives
One of the most powerful strategies for Action
Countering
T/F Countering and contracting with oneself during the Action stage enables accountability
True
The goal is to retain the gains and prevent relapse
Maintenance
This is the ultimate goal for lifestyle change. Some argue if it is even possible
Termination
A patient centered, directive counseling style that aims to help people explore and resolve their ambivalence about behavior change.
Motivational interviewing
A state of mind in which a person has coexisting but conflicting feelings about something. They both want to change and don’t want to change.
Ambivalence
Argues that the best intentions can backfire (patients ambivalence)
The Righting Reflex
“People are generally better persuaded by the reasons ____________, than by those which have come into the mind of others” - Pascal, 17th century
They have themselves discovered
OARS methods to enhance motivation
OARS
- Open ended questions
- Affirm
- Reflective listening
- Summarize
Other methods to enhance motivation
Elicit change talk
- Intention to change
- Disadvantages/Advantages of the status quo
- Advantages/Disadvantages of change
- Optimism about capacity to change
The process meant to connect what the speaker means and what the listener thinks the speaker means
Reflective Listening
Steps of Reflective Listening
- Listen carefully
- Repeating back what was said to correct any inaccuracies or misunderstandings
- Help the receiver and communicator clearly and fully understand the message sent
