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Public Health > Final Exam (Injuries, Occupational Health, and Musculoskeletal Conditions) > Flashcards

Final Exam (Injuries, Occupational Health, and Musculoskeletal Conditions) Flashcards

1
Q

Unintentional or intentional damage to the body resulting from acute exposure to thermal, mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy or from the absence of such essentials as heat or oxygen

A

Injury

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2
Q

Number of deaths per year because of injuries

A

> 5 million

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3
Q

Established by the CDC in 1992 as the primary federal organization for violence prevention in the U.S.

A

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC)

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4
Q

Mission of the NCIPC

A

Prevent injuries and violence to reduce their consequences

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5
Q

Deliberately inflicted harm. A.k.a. violence

A

Intentional injuries

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6
Q

Unplanned injuries sustained in fires, falls, poisonings, drowning, and traffic related accidents

A

Unintentional injuries

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7
Q

T/F Intentional injuries is the leading cause of death among people under 44

A

FALSE.

Unintentional injuries is the leading cause of death in people under 44

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8
Q

T/F Intentional injuries accounts for 1/3 of all injuries

A

True

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9
Q

Leading causes of death for people 15 to 34

A

1) Unintentional injuries
2) Homicide
3) Suicide

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10
Q

T/F Intentional injuries are the most common cause of nonfatal violence (65%)

A

True

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11
Q

T/F Nonfatal violence includes being struck or crushed by a human, animal, inanimate object, vehicles, and machinery

A

FALSE.
Nonfatal violence includes being struck by a human, animal, or inanimate object (vehicles and machinery are not considered to be violent acts)

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12
Q

Top 3 causes of unintentional injury fatalities

A

1) Traffic crashes
2) Poisoning
3) Falls

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13
Q

Alcohol impairment causes __% of all traffic crash deaths

A

40%

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14
Q

Major risk factor for traffic-crash deaths

A

Age

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15
Q

T/F New drivers and age impaired older drivers are at greater risk of traffic crash death

A

True

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16
Q

Age group that has the highest risk of traffic crash deaths

A

Age 16-19

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17
Q

Risks for traffic crash death

A
  • Being a teen (4x)
  • Male
  • Having teen passengers
  • New license
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18
Q

Injury that primarily happens to older people. Leading cause of injury deaths among older adults

A

Falls

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19
Q

___ of adults 65 and older fall each year

A

1/3

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20
Q

Most Americans age 22-65 spend about ______% of their waking hours at _____

A

40-50%

Work

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21
Q

T/F Taking care of injured workers typically comes with more administrative burden that other forms of insurance because of lots of rules and regulations that get in the way of “patient care”

A

True

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22
Q

Health care benefits in Worker Comp patients can seem to be more _________ than ___________

A

Employment driven

Clinically driven

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23
Q

What factors have enabled the number of reported work injuries to decrease over the years?

A
  • Improved health and safety efforts
  • Technological advances in the workplace
  • A more service-based economy
24
Q

__% of all injured workers account for ___% of total costs

A

80%

25
Q

Costs of all insurance claims for any injury or illness

A

Direct costs

26
Q

All the “uninsured” additional costs associated with an injury

A

Indirect costs

27
Q

T/F Usually, direct costs > indirect costs

A

FALSE.

Indirect costs are usually > than Direct costs

28
Q

Most significant indirect cost

A

Replacement workers

29
Q

Most prevalent work related injury

A

Low back pain

30
Q

Total direct costs of occupational low back pain injury exceed ________/year

A

$90 billion

31
Q

Total indirect costs of occupational low back pain injury is about ______/year

A

$7-20 billion

32
Q

Accounts for 30% of work related injuries and illnesses with days away from work

A

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD)

33
Q

Highest rates and most affected people having MSD

A 
HR = nursing aides, orderlies, attendants, construction workers, freight, stock, and material movers
MA = trunk (back AND shoulder)
34
Q

Leading type of injury and illness of MSD

A

Sprains and strains

35
Q

Account for 1/3 of all workplace injuries and they result in the longest absences from work.

A

Ergonomics-related injuries

36
Q

1 example of cumulative trauma disorders

A

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

37
Q

Chiropractic interventions are geared toward improving ___________ and ________, which often facilitates a _________

A

Function
Good ergonomics
Rapid return to work

38
Q

T/F Total costs for injured workers managed by DC’s were lower than similar cases managed by other providers

A

True

39
Q

Work Comp claims require the diagnosis to be entirely

A

Work related

40
Q

Problematic among chiropractors and work comp cases

A

-Inadequate documentation
-Duration of care
-Practice variations
(all 3 can be different from DC to DC)

41
Q

Many states allow curative or rehabilitative care until the _______ status or _____________ (whichever comes first)

A

Pre-injury status

Maximal medical improvement

42
Q

What qualifies a worker for Disability?

A

Workers not returning to work within the first 2 months (TQ)

43
Q

Risk factors for Disability

A
  • Older age
  • Female
  • Back or neck diagnosis
  • Divorced
  • Working for a small employer
  • High unemployment
44
Q

Key clinical interventions of chiropractors and work comp patients

A
  • Provide adjustments
  • Help the worker develop self reliance
  • Encourage normal activities
  • Add exercise in the subacute stage (shown to be more effective then just adjustments alone)
45
Q

Are among the most common health problems encountered by adults in the U.S.

A

Back and neck pain

46
Q

Lifetime prevalence of back and neck pain is __%

A

85%

47
Q

Most frequent site reported for joint pain

A

Lower back

48
Q

T/F Low back pain is the most common ailment treated by DC’s only

A

FALSE.

It is the most common ailment treated by DCs and MDs

49
Q

__% of all health care visits deals with low back pain and about ___ of chiropractic patient visits

A

5%

2/3

50
Q

Prevention of low back pain is a ______ priority area

A

HP 2020

51
Q

T/F Low back pain prevalence decreases with age, pain is more prevalent in males, injury is more prevalent in females, and the most frequent diagnosis in low back pain is osteoporosis

A

FALSE.

  • Low back pain prevalence increases with age
  • Pain is more prevalent in females
  • Injury is more prevalent in males
  • Most frequent diagnosis is disc degeneration
52
Q

% of hospital visits associated with neck pain. Is neck pain more prevalent in males or females?

A

1.5%

More prevalent in feamles

53
Q

Majority of neck pain (81%) occurs in those who are in the _____ age range. Neck pain tends to stabilize between ages _______

A 
Majority = 18-64
Stabilize = 45-64
54
Q

T/F Chiropractors are not qualified or positioned to help CSD patients

A

FALSE.
CSD = Chronic Spinal Disorders
Chiropractors are both uniquely qualified and positioned to help CSD patients

55
Q

How can chiropractors help CSD patients?

A

Adjustments and Education

56
Q

How do chiropractors educate CSD patients?

A

Focus them on preventative efforts that may reduce their likelihood of becoming a chronic spine sufferer

57
Q

Chiropractic Actions in CSD

A
  • Regular adjustments
  • Physical fitness and exercise promotion
  • Nutrition/dietary recommendations
  • Smoking cessation recommendations
  • Ergonomic/postural advice
  • Self-care strategies
  • Relaxation/stress reduction strategies

Public Health (6 decks)

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