Midterm Exam 2022 Flashcards
What is the term for a gathering of people in the 17th & 18th centuries that discussed trendy Enlightened topics, art, society and politics?
Salon
What is the term for a group of unchanging moral principles that are a foundation for all human rights.
M. A book written by Thomas Hobbes in 1681 which discusses the ideal structure of government and society.
Natural Law
Name the expansive and elaborate French royal palace 40 miles outside of Paris.
Versailles
What is the term for the acceptance or belief that monarchs should control everything about a nation and is not restricted by law or unwritten norms.
Absolutism
What is the term for a system of government that is ruled by a King or Queen that usually gain power by inheriting it through their family.
Monarchy
What is the name of the largest Christian Church and religious domination. Founded by Jesus Christ and his Apostles.
Catholicism
What is the term for a system in which the Church and the leaders of the church lead the government.
Theocracy
What is the term for the list of grievances that Martin Luther nailed to the church door in Wittenberg, Germany.
95 Theses
What is the term for a faith/religion that was founded in the 16th century after the 95 Theses were published.
Protestantism
What is the term for the Philosophy popularized during the Renaissance that celebrates human accomplishments and culture.
Humanism
What is the term for Someone who supports the arts by paying artists and purchasing their works.
Patron
What is the name of the Most powerful banking family that became patrons of the arts.
Medici Family
What is the name of the Famous portrait by Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa
Who is Thomas Hobbes and why is he famous
English Philospher who wrote the Leviathan
Who is Henry VIII and why is he famous?
King of England, had 6 wives, Split with the Catholic Church so he could divorce 1st wife.
Who is Leonardo da Vinci and why is he famous?
Renaissance painter, Painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
Who is Montesquieu and why is he famous?
French Philospher who wrote The Spirit of Laws and main source of idea of separation of powers.
Who is Martin Luther and why is he famous?
German Monk that nailed a list of 95 grievances to the church door.
Who is Elizabeth I and why is she famous?
Ruled England for 45 years, 2nd daughter of Henry VIII, returned England to Anglicism
Who is Niccolò Machiavelli and why is he famous?
Italian Renaissance philosopher and writer, Father of modern political philosophy or political science, wrote The Prince in 1513.
Which Enlightenment thinker, who wrote “The Two Treatises on Government”, and believed that the people are rational and can govern themselves?
Locke
What was a proposed a sun-centered theory of the universe?
heliocentric theory
Who had the Palace of Versailles built as a demonstration of wealth and power?
Louis XIV
The Catholic Church opposed the theories of the Scientific Revolution on WHAT basis ?
contradicted traditional Church teachings
Who invented the telescope, becoming the first to see the landscape of the moon in relative detail?
Galileo Galilei
According to John Locke, WHY people form governments?
protect their natural rights
What does the term Renaissance mean?
Rebirth
Be able to identify famous painting and the artists (example: Last supper / David )
Look at your notes
What document helped initiate the Protestant Reformation?
95 Theses
Who discovered that the sun is at the center of the universe?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Who was the founder of modern chemistry?
Robert Boyle
Why did Henry VIII have 6 wives?
He wanted a son.
Who believed that life, liberty, and property were all Natural rights?
John Locke
What happened to Anne Boelyn - - Henry VII’s 2nd wife?
Beheaded
In which two countries was Calvinism the dominant religion?
Scotland and Netherlands
What are some ways that Enlightenment affect the world?
Opposition to absolute monarchy
Separation of powers
Liberty and individual rights
Equality
Free market capitalism
Democracy ideas
What were some of the benefits of absolutism?
Quicker decisions to be made
Makes law making easier
Long term goals to be planned and met
What were some of the drawbacks of absolutism?
Doesn’t involve a democratic process
Creates and excess of fame
Ordinary people don’t have a say.
What was the “Divine Right of Kings” and how did it influence Europe?
*A political doctrine in defense of monarchical absolutism.
*Asserted that kings derived their authority from God and could not beheld accountable for their actions by any earthly authority such as a parliament.
*The Kings had a lot of power that was unchecked by other forms of government.
