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Pharmocology > MIDTERM DECK - D > Flashcards

MIDTERM DECK - D Flashcards

1
Q

Do you crush or cut enteric pills? Why?

A

No because the coating being damaged will not protect the pill and it will not work properly.

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2
Q

Can you cut a non scored tablet?

A

You are not supposed to

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3
Q

Where do you administer those tiny little pills?

A

Sublingual

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4
Q

When administering ointment to an eye, where do you put it?

A

In the conjunctivial sac. Educate patient not to rub the eye.

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5
Q

What is another abbrev for ointments beside oints?

A

UNG

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6
Q

What are some external meds?

A

ointmentpatcheseye ung/gttsear gtts

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7
Q

When giving ear drops how do you administer adults? children? Why?

A

Adults - pull upChild - Pull downDirects the canal

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8
Q

Why do we need to avoid touching tip to patient or infection?

A

Medication becomes infected

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9
Q

Can we give med that fell on the floor to a patient?

A

No

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10
Q

Can we touch pills with hands?

A

No

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11
Q

How long are inhalers good for?

A

30 days

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12
Q

The graduated portion is called?

A

Syringe

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13
Q

The portion of syringe that is depressed is called?

A

PLunger

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14
Q

Luer lock syringe is different because it ______ in place.

A

Screws

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15
Q

End of the needle is called the ______.

A

Bevel (It’s beveled….); allows easier entry into the skin

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16
Q

When are we allowed to recap?

A

Never! Remove the needle after drawing med. Insert new needled at bedside.

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17
Q

What is TB syringe used for?

A

ID injections

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18
Q

Insulin syringes are always ______ in color. Measurement in _____.

A

orange; unitsDo not confuse with ID/TB syringe….

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19
Q

T or F: The difference between ID and SQ syringes is the type/gauge of needle.

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Do you need to document location of injection?

A

Yes. Give specific anatomical location (butt, abdomen, etc)

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21
Q

Syringes come in various sizes. What are the general measurements?

A

1ml,3ml,5ml,10ml

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22
Q

What size in mL syringe should you use if the med you are administering is less than 1 mL? If less than 3 but greater than 1?

A

1mL; 3mL

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23
Q

What is the largest injection you can give in one site?

A

3mL

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24
Q

What are 5mL and 10mL syrgines typically used for?

A

IV Pushes

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25
Q

Insulin syringes come in various sizes. What are typical units?

A

25,50 and 100.

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26
Q

In reference to needles, what does G stand for? The measurement such as 5/7”?

A

Gauge; length

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27
Q

Which needle is larger: 18g or 24g?

A

18g

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28
Q

Which vein can accept a large amount of fluid fast?

A

Antecubital

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29
Q

If you are administering 125mL vs 50mL, what needle do you choose?

A

Larger volume, larger needle.

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30
Q

Do we want the needle floating or snug against the intima of the vein?

A

floating

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31
Q

What is the portion of the syringe called where the needle meets the syringe?

A

Hub

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32
Q

What is the cannula?

A

The part that is left in the patient’s body after inserting an IV.

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33
Q

When you insert an IV is the bevel facing up or down?

A

up

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34
Q

When inserting the IV, what is the part called that fills with blood once you have inserted into the vein?

A

The flash

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35
Q

On a vile, when you remove the cap, what lies beneath?

A

The diaphragm where you insert the needle to draw med.

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36
Q

T or F: Reconstitution is used when a med is not stable.

A

TRUE

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37
Q

When administering blood you have to administer along with ________.

A

Saline.

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38
Q

What tubing do you use for secondary IV?

A

Secondary tubing. It is labeled. Has a hanger.

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39
Q

What is the part of the tube called that goes into the IV bag?

A

Spike

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40
Q

What is the name for the part of the IV tubing that you can use to inject meds into or add more tubes to? Are these on the secondary?

A

Ports; no

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41
Q

T or F: The piggy back(secondary) is closet to chamber. IV push is given at the port closest to the patient.

A

TRUE

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42
Q

How do you get ampule med to drop into the tube?

A

twist or tap

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43
Q

How do you open ampule?

A

break the top off

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44
Q

Why would you use a butterfly needle?

A

It is smaller and gives more control. Used for tiny hard to reach veins.Typically used for drawing blood.

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45
Q

All medication that are not ingested or introduced into the gastrointestinal system.

A

Parenteral

46
Q

Ointments are petroleum base which keeps the medication in contact with skin, therefore we must ______ before applying an addition dose.

A

wipe

47
Q

Creams are _____ based

A

water

48
Q

____ are semisolid suspensions. Particles of drugs are suspended in a thickened water base.

A

Gels

49
Q

______ are medication preprations that adhere to skin with paper, linen, moleskin or plastic such as salicylic acid plaster to treat warts

A

Plasters

50
Q

______ are semisolid and purposefully cause an irritation to the skin. The irritation draws blood to the affected area, decreasing pain.

A

Liniments

51
Q

Poweder or patches can be applied to skin. Give an example of an application for powder?

A

Desenex (miconazole nitrate) used to fight funal infection and dry up moisture in athlete’s foot.

52
Q

T or f: failure to wipe away leftover medication at the site When changing patches can lead to medication overdose

A

TRUE

53
Q

What is the name of a transdermal patch used to opem up the coronary arteries, allowing more blood flow to the heart?

A

nitroglycerin

54
Q

How do you dispose of a patch properly?

A

Wearing gloves, remove patch, fold inward, dispose where children and pets will not come into contact with it.

55
Q

How do you make a transdermal patch?

A

Get an empty patch that matches the size of the area you need to treat. Patches are typically ruled. Squeeze the tube of medication to place it onto the patch.

56
Q

_____ medications are used in the eye

A

opthalmic

57
Q

Eye drops may be used to lube the eyes or to treat infection. The medication absorbs through the ______.

A

canthus

58
Q

_____ ____ are small transparent membranes that contain medication. Their advantage is proloning contact of the med with the surface of the eye.

A

ocular inserts

59
Q

Which direction should a patient look toward when you are administering eye drops?

A

upward

60
Q

Where should you administer opthalmic ointment?

A

place a line of ointment on the inner aspect of the lower eyelid.

61
Q

After administering eye drops, have the patient close his or her eyes. WHy?

A

Helps prevent the med from entering a tube called the nasolacrimal duct which runs from the inside corner of the eye to the nose.

62
Q

After administering otic drops, the patient must keep the affected ear upright for ____ ____ to allow ___.

A

few minutes; to allow max absorption

63
Q

Nasal medication can be in the form of a ____, ____- or _____.

A

spray, inhaler, installation.

64
Q

T or F: A patient does not need to blow their nose before using a nasal spray.

A

False, they should clear the mucosa for max absorption.

65
Q

Type of medications that involve the GI tract such as capsules, enemas, suppositories and many others.

A

Enteral Medication

66
Q

Can insulin be given by mouth? Why?

A

No, because stomach acid destroys it.

67
Q

What is the name of the pair of devices used to crush pills?

A

pestle and mortar

68
Q

What type of drugs are you not allowed to crush?

A

enteric-coated pills; they need to be released in the intestines. If the coating is destroyed the medicine will not make it past the stomach.

69
Q

_____ tablets have added antacids to prevent stomach irritation.

A

Buffered

70
Q

Why can’t you open or crush time released or delayed action pills?

A

Doing so can release all the drug at once, causing an overdose.

71
Q

When administering solid medication, what are the first few things you should do to ensure 7 rights?

A
  1. Read order2. Check container for match to order3. Double check container4. RIght dosage?5. Right patient?6. Check a third time to ensure you have the right med.
72
Q

After administering medication, what do you do?

A
  1. Watch for negative response2. Document date, time, dosage, med, RESPONSE (ie no problem noted)
73
Q

Why do elixirs (containing alcohol) need to remain tightly capped?

A

To prevent evaporation of the alcohol, because this would change the concentration of the medication in the elixir, and dosing errors could occur.

74
Q

Elixirs should never be given to ______, ______ or _____.

A

children, alcoholics, diabetics

75
Q

_______ is a liquid drug preparation that contains oils and fats in water.

A

Emulsions

76
Q

_____ are liquid and fine particles in water such as Milk of magnesia.

A

magma

77
Q

_____ are finely ground forms of an active drug, sometimes given for pain relief.

A

Powders

78
Q

What is the difference between a liquid medication as a solution versus a suspension?

A

solution is completely distributed into the liquid and will not separate; no need to shake. The first mL should be identical to the last mL. As for suspensions, the medication is suspended in the liquid and may separate and MUST be shaken.

79
Q

Why are kids at risk of overdosing on medications such as Robitussin?

A

They are syrups that taste sweet. Children may enjoy the taste and drink too much. Keep out of reach!!!

80
Q

When should you avoid giving a patient water to rinse down oral liquid medication?

A

When it is meant to coat the throat.

81
Q

If you pour too much liquid med, what do you do with the excess?

A

Dispose of it. DO NOT PUT BACK INTO STOCK!!!

82
Q

To check liquid medication dosage, the ______ medicine cup should be at ____ ______. View the _____ to ensure proper amount has been poured.

A

calibrated; eye level; meniscus.

83
Q

You can check NG tube placemnt for slippage by?

A

Injecting air and listening through stethoscope…or, drawing back on a syringe to see if fluid comes back.

84
Q

What is NSS?

A

Normal Saline Solution

85
Q

When administering medicine through an NG tube, the medication must be _____ and _____ with _____. Be sure to flush tube with _____ before and after medication administration.

A

crushed and mixed in water.NSS

86
Q

Why and how would you use a needleless syringe to administer liquid med?

A

When a person such as a small child has a hard time swallowing. You can insert it into the buccal pouch aka the cheek.

87
Q

T or F: sublingual means on the tongue.

A

False…sub means below… sublingual means below the tongue.

88
Q

Why is sublingual medicine, such as nitroglycerin - - given during heart attack, so beneficial?

A

There are many capillaries under the tongue, providing a rich blood supply for quick absorption.

89
Q

Is IV or Sublingual faster?

A

IV. But sublingual also bypasses the stomach.

90
Q

When giving rectal medication, have the patient remove undergarments and then lie down on to a their ____ side. Before inserting the enema or suppository, apply a ____-based _____. Ask the patient to lie still for _____ minutes.

A

Left. (Place chux under them… absorbent/waterproof pad)water based lubricant30 minutes

91
Q

T or F: The most common route used by patients is sublingual.

A

False. Orally.

92
Q

What is a troche?

A

lozenge; used in buccal and allowed to melt.

93
Q

A common way that individual medication doses are packed together is called a _____ _____.

A

Blister pack

94
Q

What are the four methods for calculating drugs dosages for nonparenteral route?

A
  1. Ratio and proportion method2. Formulation method3. Dimensional analysis4. Fraction
95
Q

The desired dose (D) is the _____ dose.

A

ordered

96
Q

What is the equation for formulation? What does each letter stand for?

A

D/HXQD= Dosage desired (Dr’s order)H = What we HAVE on HANDQ = QUANTITY of units given

97
Q

When using the fraction method, the ordered dose and units must be in the _____ proportion as the amount on the label.

A

same

98
Q

Fraction method equation?

A

Dosage on hand/Dosage unit = Desired dose/dose given

99
Q

In the pediatric population, ____ is frequently used to calculate dosages because body systems have not matured.

A

Weight

100
Q

If a medication is not approved for pediatric use, but was prescribed for a child, what do you do?

A

Contact the prescriber and the pharmacist. Use dosage calculation for peds.

101
Q

_________ is the process of converting powdered medication into a liquid form

A

Reconstituting

102
Q

The amount of fluid used in reconstituting is referred to as?

A

Diluent

103
Q

According to Watkins, what is the best way to calculate an IV drip rate?

A

Dimensional analysis. p.137

104
Q

What is an electronic regulator pump?

A

A machine that delivers and monitors IV fluids at a set rate. p137

105
Q

What is equation for programming an electronic regulator pump?

A

Total mL ordered/Total time ordered in hours = mL/HrmL ordered/hours ordered=mL/Hours orderedmL/Hr

106
Q

What does it mean for an IV to be infiltrated?

A

Leakage of IV fluid or medication into the surrounding tissue; can be caused by infusing too quickly.

107
Q

Manual IV sets use _____ to infuse a solution at a set rate.

A

gravity

108
Q

The drop factor for a manual IV equals drops per __.

A

mL

109
Q

manual iv micro drip is ___ gtt/mL

A

60

110
Q

manual macro drip is ____ gtt/mL

A

10 or 15

Pharmocology (22 decks)

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