midterm chap3

Question 1

collection of relevant information to reach a conclusion; idiographic information

Answer 1

assessment

Question 2

information used to determine whether, how, and why a person is behaving abnormally and how that person may be helped

Answer 2

clinical assessment

Question 3

administering a test to a group of research participants whose performance will then serve as a common standard, or norm, against which later individual scores will be measured

Answer 3

standardized tests

Question 4

the consistency of an assessment measure; a test yields the same results every time when given to the same people or different judges agree on how to score and interpret a particular tool

Answer 4

reliability

Question 5

the accuracy of a tool’s results

Answer 5

validity

Question 6

a tool’s ability to predict future characteristics or behavior

Answer 6

predictive validity

Question 7

a degree to which the measures gathered from one tool agree with the measures gathered from other assessment techniques

Answer 7

concurrent validity

Question 8

a face-to-face encounter

Answer 8

clinical interview`

Question 9

devices for gathering information about a few aspects of a person’s psychological functioning from which broader information about the person can be inferred

Answer 9

clinical tests

Question 10

tests that require clients to interpret vague stimuli, such as inkblots or ambiguous pictures, or follow open-ended instructions (like drawing a person)

Answer 10

projective tests

Question 11

test designed to determine a person’s intellectual ability

Answer 11

intelligence tests

Question 12

strengths of intelligence tests

Answer 12

tests have been standardized among large groups of people; tests have also shown high reliability as well as validity

Question 13

weaknesses of intelligence tests

Answer 13

factors like low motivation or anxiety can affect test performance; IQ tests may also contain cultural biases in their language or tasks that place people of one background at an advantage and vice versa

Question 14

a determination that a person’s psychological problems reflect a particular disorder

Answer 14

diagnosis

Question 15

a cluster of symptoms that usually occur together

Answer 15

syndrome

Question 16

who created the DSM?

Answer 16

The American Psychiatry Association (APA)

Question 17

how many disorders are in the DSM-5?

Answer 17

over 500

Question 18

requirements of the DSM-5

Answer 18

requires clinicians to provide categorical and dimensional information as part of a proper diagnosis

Question 19

information that refers to the name of the distinct category (disorder) indicated by the client’s symptoms

Answer 19

categorical information

Question 20

information that is a rating of how severe a client’s symptoms are and how dysfunctional the client is across various dimensions of personality and behavior

Answer 20

dimensional information

Question 21

using all available information, clinicians attempt to paint a cluster of symptoms and make a diagnosis (a determination that a person’s psychological problems constitute a disorder)

Answer 21

classification systems

Question 22

weaknesses of clinical interviews

Answer 22

lack of validity or accuracy; interviewer biases or mistakes in judgment

Question 22

when observers depart from the standard procedures in set ways and therefore rate the same events differently over time

Answer 22

observer drift

Question 23

type of bias that occurs when the researcher has personal judgment or perspective that affects their ability to reach or discuss an impartial conclusion

Answer 23

observer bias