final Flashcards
a disorder with false creation of physical psychological symptoms, or deceptive production of injury or disease, even without rewards (can be imposed on self or another person)
factitious disorder
causes of factitious disorder
poor social support or relationships, little family life, extensive medical treatment in childhood, grudge against medical profession, employed as nurse or lab tech
treatment for factitious disorder
clinicians are unable to develop dependably effective treatments for this disorder
a disorder with neurological-like symptoms inconsistent with known neurological or medical disease, usually beginning in late childhood and young adulthood; often appears suddenly during extreme stress and not consciously wanted or purposely produced
conversion disorder
disorder where the person experiences at least on upsetting or repeatedly disruptive physical symptom, person experiences unreasonable number of thoughts, feelings, and behavior about physical symptoms
somatic symptom disorder
disorder where person i preoccupied with thoughts about having or getting a significant illness; in reality person has no or, at most, mild somatic symptoms
illness anxiety disorder
give examples of psychological treatments for physical disorders
relaxation training, biofeedback (EMG), meditation, hypnosis, cognitive-behavioral intervention, support groups and emotion expression, combination approaches
version of anorexia in which you lose weight by cutting out sweets and fattening snacks, eventually eliminating all food
restricting type
eating disorder where individuals purposely takes in too little nourishment, resulting in body weight that is very low and below that of other people of similar age and gender
anorexia nervosa
version of anorexia in which you lose weight by forcing yourself to vomit after meals or by abusing laxatives or diuretics
binge-eating/purging type
disorder marked by frequent eating binges followed by forced vomiting or other extreme compensatory behaviors to avoid gaining weight
bulimia nervosa
repeated eating binges during which people feel no control over their eating and do not engage in inappropriate compensatory behavior
binge-eating disorder
leading factors of eating disorders
little control over life may result in excess control of body size, disturbed mother-child interactions, depression, societal pressures
treatment for anorexia
immediate aims are to regain lost weight, recover from malnourishment, and eat normally again; long-term goals are to change family interactions, and achieve lasting changes
treatment for bulimia
nutritional rehabilitation, combination of therapies aimed at elimination of underlying causes of bulimia, cognitive-behavioral therapy, other forms of psychotherapy
any substance other than food affecting our bodies or minds, including alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine
drug
cluster of changes in behavior, emotion, or thought caused by substances
substance intoxication
maladaptive behavior patterns and reactions caused by repeated substance use
substance use disorder
a substance that slows the activity of the central nervous system, reduces tension and inhibitions, may interfere with judgement, motor activity, and concentration
depressants
the intersections between the mental health field and the legal and judicial systems are collectively referred to as
forensic psychology
older individuals with alzheimers disease differ from older individuals without alzheimers disease because…
they have an extraordinary number of neurofibrillary tangles
examples of depressants are
alcohol, opioids, sedative hypnotic drugs, and benzodiazepines
examples of stimulants are
caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines
examples of hallucinogens are
LSD, ecstasy, psychedelic drugs
what is the blood alcohol percentage of intoxication
.09%
any alcoholic beverage containing ethyl alcohol, absorbed through stomach lining, takes effect in bloodstream and central nervous system
alcohol
withdrawal symptoms
body shakes, weakness, nausea, rapid heartbeat, blood pressure rises, delirium tremors (terrifying visual hallucinations that begin 3 days after stopping drinking), shivering and sweating
delirium tremors
terrifying visual hallucinations that begin 3 days after they stop or reduce alcohol consumption
why did the dsm-5 consider gambling disorder as an addictive disorder?
it is defined by its addictive nature and heightened dopamine activity and dysfunction while gambling
state in which a person loses contact with reality in key ways
psychosis
a psychotic disorder in which personal, social, and occupational functioning deteriorates as a result of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions, and motor abnormalities
schizophrenia
symptoms of schizophrenia that are pathological excesses or bizarre additions to a person’s behavior
positive symptoms
examples of positive symptoms of schizophrenia
delusions, disorganized thinking or speech, heightened perceptions and hallucinations, inappropriate effect
type of delusion in schizophrenia where the person is convinced someone is mistreating or conspiring against them (example: believed to being tracked or followed)
delusion of persecution
type of delusion in schizophrenia where the person believes that things have special meanings, messages are directly for them (example: someone is speaking directly to them through the T.V.)
delusion of reference
type of delusion in schizophrenia where the person has a false sense of belief of power or importance (example: claim to be god, angel, president)
delusion of grandeur
type of delusion in schizophrenia where the person believes the sense of self-agency is being disrupted (example: someone is planting thoughts in my head)
delusion of control
symptoms of schizophrenia that are pathological deficits like poverty of speech (alogia)
negative symptoms
examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia
poverty of speech (alogia), show less emotion, avoidance of eye contact, immobile or expressionless face
symptoms of schizophrenia that are shown as awkward movements, repeated grimaces, and odd gestures; symptoms may take extreme forms known as catatonia
psychomotor symptoms
the rate of concordance for schizophrenia in identical twins
48%
the rate of concordance for schizophrenia in fraternal twins
17%
most common treatments for schizophrenia
psychotherapy, first and second generation antipsychotic drugs
strange, false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary
delusions
perceptions that a person has in the absence of external stimuli
hallucinations
type of psychotic disorder where persistent delusions that are not bizarre and not due to schizophrenia; persecutory, jealous, grandiose, and somatic delusions are common
delusional disorder
hypothesis that explains certain neurons using dopamine fire too often which produce symptoms of schizophrenia
dopamine hypothesis
biological view of schizophrenia
exposure to virus before birth triggers a passed-on immune response that interrupts fetal brain development; brain circuit structures function and interconnections unique to this disorder
what are the three clusters of personality disorders
odd, dramatic, and anxious
characterized by deep distrust and suspicion of motives of others (limit close relationships, trust in own ideas and abilities, critical of others)
paranoid personality disorder (Odd)
persistent avoidance and removal from social relationships and little demonstrations of emotions (prefer to be alone, limited expressions of feelings)
schizoid personality disorder (Odd)
characterized by a range of interpersonal problems, marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd or bizarre ways of thinking, and behavioral eccentricities
schizotypal personality disorder (Odd)
characterized by persistent disregard and violation of others rights (must be at least 18)
antisocial personality disorder (dramatic)
characterized by instability, including major shifts in mood, unstable self-image, and impulsivity
borderline personality disorder (dramatic)
a personality disorder where individuals are extremely emotional and continually seek to be the center of attention
histrionic personality disorder (dramatic)
characterized by need for admiration, grandiose, feel no empathy with others
narcissistic personality disorder (dramatic)
characterized by consistent discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation
avoidant personality disorder (anxious)
characterized by pervasive need to be cared for; separation difficulty
dependent personality disorder (anxious)
characterized by intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism, and control and resulting loss of flexibility, openness, and efficiency
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (anxious)
for at least a year, individual repeatedly displays severe outburst of temper that are extremely out of proportion to triggering situations and different from ones displayed by most others their age
disruptive mood regulation disorder
children with this disorder are repeatedly argumentative and defiant, angry and irritable, and, in some cases, vindictive
oppositional defiant disorder
child repeatedly behaves in ways that violate the rights of other people and ignores the norms or rules of society, beyond the violations displayed by most others their age
conduct disorder
repeated involuntary bed-wetting or wetting of ones clothes
enuresis
soiling; defecation into clothing; constipation
encopresis
great difficulty attending to tasks, or behave overactively and impulsively, or both; symptoms often feed into one another
ADHD
children with this disorder may be extremely unresponsive to others, uncommunicative, repetitive, and rigid
autism spectrum disorder
displays general intellectual functioning that is well below average, in combination with poor adaptive behavior
intellectual disability
when people accused of crimes are judged to be mentally unstable
criminal commitment
