Midterm ch. 2

Question 1

Electromagnetic radiation travels or propagates through space in the form of a wave but can interact with matter as a particle of energy called a photon. This dual nature is referred to as

Answer 1

wave-particle duality.

Question 2

Which of the following are forms of electromagnetic radiation?

1. Microwaves
2. Visible light
3. X-rays
4. Gamma rays
5. Ultraviolet radiation

Answer 2

all of them

Question 3

What is the most common unit of measure of equivalent dose?

Answer 3

Millisievert

Question 4

In the electromagnetic spectrum, higher frequencies are associated with

Answer 4

shorter wavelengths and higher energies.

Question 5

Which of the following radiation quantities use the same unit of measure?

1. Effective dose and equivalent dose
2. Exposure and effective dose
3. Absorbed dose and equivalent dose

Answer 5

1 only

1. Effective dose and equivalent dose

Question 6

The amount of radiation actually received by a patient from a diagnostic x-ray procedure may be indicated in terms such as:

1. Entrance skin exposure (ESE)
2. Bone marrow dose
3. Gonadal dose

Answer 6

1, 2, and 3
1. Entrance skin exposure (ESE)

2. Bone marrow dose
3. Gonadal dose

Question 7

Which of the following processes is the foundation of the interaction of x-rays with human tissue?

Answer 7

Ionization

Question 8

Why are the long-term effects, such as an increased incidence of cancer in the exposed population living near Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant, unable to be accurately determined?

Answer 8

It was extremely difficult to measure the amounts of radiation people received.

Question 9

According to the most recent available data, what percentage of natural background radiation exposure comes from radon and thoron?

Answer 9

37

Question 10

Which of the following are natural sources of ionizing radiation?

Answer 10

Radioactive elements in the crust of the earth and in the human body

Question 11

An equivalent dose as low as 250 mSv delivered to the whole body may cause which of the following within a few days?

Answer 11

A substantial decrease within a few days in the number of lymphocytes or white blood cells that are the body’s primary defense against disease

Question 12

How is actual radiation dose to the global population from atmospheric fallout from nuclear weapons testing received?

Answer 12

It is not received all at once but instead is delivered over a period of years at changing dose rates.

Question 13

Which of the following is the total average annual radiation equivalent dose from manmade and natural radiation?

Answer 13

6.3 mSv per year

Question 14

The Russian liquidators who worked during 1986 and 1987 at the Chernobyl power complex demonstrated a statistically significant rise in the number of:

1. Breast cancer cases
2. Leukemia cases
3. Prostate cancer cases

Answer 14

2 only

2. Leukemia cases

Question 15

Which of the following is recognized as the main adverse health effect from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power accident?

Answer 15

Increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents