Final ch. 12 & 14

Question 1

During a radiographic examination, which of the following combinations of technical exposure factors reduce patient radiation dose?

Answer 1

Higher kVp, lower mAs

Question 2

Which of the following types of gonadal shielding provide maximal gonadal protection for a male patient when AP, oblique, and lateral projections are obtained?

Answer 2

Shaped contact shield containing 1 mm of lead

Question 3

Analysis of an imaging department’s repeats rate

1. provides valuable information for process improvement.
2. helps minimize patient exposure.
3. improves overall performance of the department.

Answer 3

1, 2, and 3

1. provides valuable information for process improvement.
2. helps minimize patient exposure.
3. improves overall performance of the department.

Question 4

A protective curtain, or sliding panel, with a minimum of 0.25-mm lead equivalent, should normally be positioned between the fluoroscopist and the patient to intercept which of the following types of radiation?

Answer 4

Scattered radiation above the tabletop

Question 5

When a radiologic technologist declares her pregnancy to her employer, which of the following is appropriate?

Answer 5

She continues to perform her duties without interruption of employment, provided that she has received radiation safety counseling and follows established radiation safety practices.

Question 6

If the peak energy of the x-ray beam is 100 kVp, a protective lead apron must be the equivalent to at least which of the following measures?

Answer 6

0.25-mm thickness of lead

Question 7

As a consequence of their anatomic location, the female reproductive organs receive about _____________ exposure during a given radiographic procedure involving the pelvic region than do the male reproductive organs.

Answer 7

Three times more

Question 8

In fluoroscopy, how is the amount of radiation that a patient receives usually estimated?

Answer 8

By measuring the radiation exposure rate at tabletop and multiplying this by the fluoroscopy time

Question 9

As part of the Image Gently Campaign, radiographers and imaging facilities can pledge to:

Answer 9

Image Gently

Question 10

In which of the following projections will a young female patient receive a significantly lower dose to her breast tissue during a chest x-ray study?

Answer 10

PA

Question 11

A woman who is 3 months pregnant has been in a motor vehicle accident. The emergency room physician suspects there is injury to her cervical spine and thus feels justified in ordering an x-ray examination to aid in determining the extent of the patient’s injury. Because the patient is pregnant, the radiographer should:

1. Select the smallest technical exposure factors that will produce a diagnostically useful image
2. Adequately and precisely collimate the radiographic beam to include only the anatomic area of interest
3. Shield the patient’s lower abdomen and pelvic region with a suitable protective contact shield

Answer 11

1, 2, and 3
1. Select the smallest technical exposure factors that will produce a diagnostically useful image

2. Adequately and precisely collimate the radiographic beam to include only the anatomic area of interest
3. Shield the patient’s lower abdomen and pelvic region with a suitable protective contact shield

Question 12

Pediatric patients require special consideration and appropriate radiation protection procedures because they are much more vulnerable to which of the following?

Answer 12

The late effects of radiation

Question 13

The use of the PA projection during a juvenile scoliosis radiographic examination results in which of the following?

Answer 13

Lower entrance exposure dose to the anterior body surface, thereby significantly reducing the dose to the breast

Question 14

For protection of the ovaries of a female patient, the shield should be placed approximately:

Answer 14

2.5 cm (1 inch) medial to each palpable anterior superior iliac spine

Question 15

Which of the following examinations are considered unnecessary radiologic procedures?

1. Chest x-ray study as part of a preemployment physical
2. Screening mammography
3. Whole-body multislice spiral CT screening

Answer 15

1 and 3 only

1. Chest x-ray study as part of a preemployment physical
2. Whole-body multislice spiral CT screening

Question 16

If a maximum of 500 people inhabited an island and each person were to receive an equivalent dose (EqD) of 0.005 Sv gonadal radiation, the gross genetic effect would be _______ the effect occurring if 50 individual inhabitants were each to receive 0.05 Sv of gonadal radiation and no equivalent dose were received by other inhabitants.

Answer 16

Identical to

Question 17

When performing a mobile radiographic examination, if the protection factors of distance and shielding are equal, the radiographer should stand at a ________ to the scattering object (the patient) line.

Answer 17

90-degree angle

Question 18

Diagnostic imaging personnel may receive an annual occupational effective dose of _________ for whole-body exposure during routine operations.

Answer 18

50 mSv

Question 19

At a 90-degree angle to the primary x-ray beam, at a distance of 1 m, the scattered radiation is what fraction of the intensity of the primary beam?

Answer 19

1/1000

Question 20

If a radiographer stands 6 m away from an x-ray tube and receives an exposure rate dose of 4.0 mGya/hr, what will the exposure rate dose be if the same radiographer moves to stand at a position located 12 m from the x-ray tube?

Answer 20

1 mGya/hr

Question 21

Which of the following are methods that can be used by a C-arm operator to reduce occupational exposure for himself or herself and other personnel?

1. Collimate the x-ray beam to include only the anatomy of interest.
2. Use the foot pedal or the handheld exposure switch with their cables extended away from the machine as far as possible whenever making an exposure.
3. Use magnification whenever possible to visualize body parts better.

Answer 21

1 and 2 only
1. Collimate the x-ray beam to include only the anatomy of interest.

2. Use the foot pedal or the handheld exposure switch with their cables extended away from the machine as far as possible whenever making an exposure.

Question 22

If the Bucky slot shield and protective curtain or sliding panel were not in the correct position during a routine fluoroscopic examination, what exposure dose rate would the fluoroscopist experience?

Answer 22

Exceed 1 mGya/hr at a distance of 0.6 m from the side of the x-ray table

Question 23

Units of either mAs/wk or mA-min/wk are used to determine the _______ for a specific x-ray room.

Answer 23

Workload

Question 24

A Bucky slot shielding device of at least _______ must automatically cover the Bucky slot opening in the side of the x-ray table during a fluoroscopic examination when the Bucky tray is positioned at the foot end of the table.

Answer 24

0.25-mm lead equivalent

Question 25

For mobile radiographic units, which are not equipped with remote control exposure devices, the cord leading to the exposure switch must be long enough to permit the radiographer to stand at least ________ from the patient, the x-ray tube, and the useful beam to reduce occupational exposure.

Answer 25

2 m

Question 26

Of the following factors, which are specifically considered when determining thickness requirements for protective barriers?

1. Occupancy factor (T)
2. Workload (W)
3. Use factor (U)
4. kVp

Answer 26

1, 2, 3, and 4
1. Occupancy factor (T)

2. Workload (W)
3. Use factor (U)
4. kVp