Final ch. 6 & 7

Question 1

Which is not a phase of Mitosis?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anophase
Technophase

Answer 1

Technophase

Question 2

Meiosis is for what type of Cell?

Answer 2

Genetic

Question 3

Which of the following is/are considered low-LET radiation(s)? 1. X-rays 2. Alpha particles 3. Gamma rays

Answer 3

1 & 3 only. X-rays and Gamma rays

Question 4

Which of the following groups of cells is least radiosensitive? 
Adult nerve cells
Nerve cells in an embryo-fetus
Lymphocytes
Immature spermatogonia

Answer 4

Adult nerve cells

Question 5

Which of the following groups of cells is most radiosensitive?
Lymphocytes
Adult nerve cells
Erythrocytes
Muscle cells

Answer 5

Lymphocytes

Question 6

When LET increases, the chance of producing a significant biologic response in the radiosensitive DNA macromolecule.

Answer 6

grows

Question 7

Which of the following tissues contain cells that do not divide?

1. Epithelial tissue
2. Muscle tissue
3. Nervous tissue in an adult

Answer 7

2 and 3 only. Muscle tissue & nervous tissues in an adult

Question 8

Radiation-induced chromosome damage may be evaluated during which of the following processes?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Answer 8

Metaphase

Question 9

Water comprises approximately _______ of the weight of the human body.

Answer 9

80% to 85%

Question 10

Somatic cells divide through the process of:

Answer 10

Mitosis

Question 11

For radiation protection, high-LET radiation is of greatest concern when internal contamination is possible, that is, when a radionuclide has been implanted, ingested, injected, or inhaled because:

Answer 11

Then the potential exists for irreparable damage because multiple-strand breaks in DNA are possible.

Question 12

Free radicals behave as an extremely reactive single entity as a result of the presence of:

Answer 12

Unpaired valence electrons

Question 13

3. Which of the following are classified as high-LET radiation?
4. Alpha particles
5. Gamma rays
6. X-rays

Answer 13

1 only. Alpha Particles

Question 14

A biologic reaction is produced by 3 Gyt of a test radiation. It takes 12 Gyt of 250-kVp x-radiation to produce the same biologic reaction. What is the relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) of the test radiation?

Answer 14

4

Question 15

Which action of ionizing radiation is most harmful to the human body?

Answer 15

Indirect action

Question 16

Which molecules in the human body are most commonly directly acted on by ionizing radiation to produce molecular damage through an indirect action?

Answer 16

Water

Question 17

When does ionizing radiation cause complete chromosome breakage?

Answer 17

When two direct hits occur in the same rung of the DNA macromolecule

Question 18

8. When significant numbers of lymphocytes are damaged by exposure from ionizing radiation, the body:
9. Loses its natural ability to combat infection
10. Becomes more susceptible to bacteria
11. Becomes more susceptible to viral antigens

Answer 18

1, 2, and 3
1. Loses its natural ability to combat infection

2. Becomes more susceptible to bacteria
3. Becomes more susceptible to viral antigens

Question 19

With respect to the law of Bergonié and Tribondeau, which of the following would best complete this statement? “The most pronounced radiation effects occur in cells with the ________.”

Answer 19

Greatest reproductive activity, longest mitotic phases, and least maturity and specialization or differentiation

Question 20

What do basal cells of the skin, intestinal crypt cells, and reproductive cells have in common?

Answer 20

All cells are radiosensitive.