Final ch. 6 & 7 Flashcards
Which is not a phase of Mitosis? Prophase Metaphase Anophase Technophase
Technophase
Meiosis is for what type of Cell?
Genetic
Which of the following is/are considered low-LET radiation(s)? 1. X-rays 2. Alpha particles 3. Gamma rays
1 & 3 only. X-rays and Gamma rays
Which of the following groups of cells is least radiosensitive? Adult nerve cells Nerve cells in an embryo-fetus Lymphocytes Immature spermatogonia
Adult nerve cells
Which of the following groups of cells is most radiosensitive? Lymphocytes Adult nerve cells Erythrocytes Muscle cells
Lymphocytes
When LET increases, the chance of producing a significant biologic response in the radiosensitive DNA macromolecule.
grows
Which of the following tissues contain cells that do not divide?
- Epithelial tissue
- Muscle tissue
- Nervous tissue in an adult
2 and 3 only. Muscle tissue & nervous tissues in an adult
Radiation-induced chromosome damage may be evaluated during which of the following processes? Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Metaphase
Water comprises approximately _______ of the weight of the human body.
80% to 85%
Somatic cells divide through the process of:
Mitosis
For radiation protection, high-LET radiation is of greatest concern when internal contamination is possible, that is, when a radionuclide has been implanted, ingested, injected, or inhaled because:
Then the potential exists for irreparable damage because multiple-strand breaks in DNA are possible.
Free radicals behave as an extremely reactive single entity as a result of the presence of:
Unpaired valence electrons
- Which of the following are classified as high-LET radiation?
- Alpha particles
- Gamma rays
- X-rays
1 only. Alpha Particles
A biologic reaction is produced by 3 Gyt of a test radiation. It takes 12 Gyt of 250-kVp x-radiation to produce the same biologic reaction. What is the relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) of the test radiation?
4
Which action of ionizing radiation is most harmful to the human body?
Indirect action
Which molecules in the human body are most commonly directly acted on by ionizing radiation to produce molecular damage through an indirect action?
Water
When does ionizing radiation cause complete chromosome breakage?
When two direct hits occur in the same rung of the DNA macromolecule
- When significant numbers of lymphocytes are damaged by exposure from ionizing radiation, the body:
- Loses its natural ability to combat infection
- Becomes more susceptible to bacteria
- Becomes more susceptible to viral antigens
1, 2, and 3
1. Loses its natural ability to combat infection
- Becomes more susceptible to bacteria
- Becomes more susceptible to viral antigens
With respect to the law of Bergonié and Tribondeau, which of the following would best complete this statement? “The most pronounced radiation effects occur in cells with the ________.”
Greatest reproductive activity, longest mitotic phases, and least maturity and specialization or differentiation
What do basal cells of the skin, intestinal crypt cells, and reproductive cells have in common?
All cells are radiosensitive.
