MIDTERM CH: 1 & 2: Perspectives on Maternal Newborn, & Women’s Healthcare Flashcards
Which of the following is an example of primary prevention?
A. Administering insulin to a patient with type 1 diabetes
B. Performing a mammogram for early detection of breast cancer
C. Teaching post-stroke patients about rehabilitation exercises
D. Educating school children about the dangers of smoking
D. Educating school children about the dangers of smoking
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs. Educating children about the dangers of smoking reduces their likelihood of starting a harmful habit. Administering insulin (A) and teaching rehabilitation exercises (D) are tertiary prevention strategies, while performing a mammogram (C) is secondary prevention.
A public health nurse is designing a program focused on primary prevention. Which interventions would be appropriate to include? (Select all that apply)
A. Providing nutritional counseling to reduce obesity risk
B. Organizing a free vaccination clinic
C. Offering genetic counseling for families with a history of congenital disorders
D. Conducting a community screening for hypertension
E. Teaching CPR to community members
A. Providing nutritional counseling to reduce obesity risk
B. Organizing a free vaccination clinic
C. Offering genetic counseling for families with a history of congenital disorders
Rationale: Primary prevention includes actions that prevent disease, such as nutritional counseling (A), vaccinations (B), and genetic counseling (C). Hypertension screenings (D) are secondary prevention, and CPR training (E) is considered a tertiary prevention activity aimed at managing health crises.
Which of the following statements demonstrates an understanding of the nurse’s role in primary prevention?
A. “My goal is to help individuals recover from illness using evidence-based interventions.”
B. “I assist in identifying effective research-based strategies to prevent diseases in communities.”
C. “I focus on early detection of disease to provide timely treatment.”
D. “I support families in adapting to the challenges of chronic illness.”
B. “I assist in identifying effective research-based strategies to prevent diseases in communities.”
Rationale: The nurse’s role in primary prevention is to help individuals and communities adopt healthy behaviors and avoid illness by implementing evidence-based interventions. Early detection (C) is secondary prevention, while managing recovery (A) and supporting adaptation to chronic illness (D) are part of tertiary prevention.
Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?
A. Performing a Pap smear to detect cervical cancer in its early stages
B. Providing folic acid supplementation to prevent neural tube defects
C. Educating school children about healthy eating habits
D. Administering physical therapy to a patient after a hip fracture
A. Performing a Pap smear to detect cervical cancer in its early stages
Rationale: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention to halt the progression of a disease. A Pap smear identifies cervical cancer at an early stage. Providing folic acid supplementation (A) is primary prevention, while physical therapy (D) is tertiary prevention. Educating school children (C) is also primary prevention.
A nurse is planning health screenings at a community health fair. Which screenings represent secondary prevention? (Select all that apply)
A. Blood pressure evaluation
B. Mammography screening
C. Smoking cessation counseling
D. Vision and hearing tests
E. Administration of a flu vaccine
A. Blood pressure evaluation
B. Mammography screening
D. Vision and hearing tests
Rationale: Secondary prevention focuses on early identification of disease through screenings such as blood pressure evaluation (A), mammography screening (B), and vision and hearing tests (D). Smoking cessation counseling (C) and flu vaccination (E) are examples of primary prevention.
A nurse is educating a group of women about osteoporosis prevention and screening. Which statement made by a participant indicates an understanding of secondary prevention?
A. “I should increase my calcium and vitamin D intake to prevent osteoporosis.”
B. “I will schedule regular bone density screenings to identify osteoporosis early.”
C. “I need to engage in weight-bearing exercises to reduce my risk of fractures.”
D. “I will take medication to prevent osteoporosis from developing.”
B. “I will schedule regular bone density screenings to identify osteoporosis early.”
Rationale: Regular bone density screenings are an example of secondary prevention, aimed at identifying osteoporosis at an early stage to prevent fractures and complications. Increasing calcium and vitamin D intake (A) and engaging in weight-bearing exercises (C) are primary prevention strategies, while taking medication to prevent the disease (D) is also a primary preventive action.
The nurse explains to a patient with newly diagnosed hypertension that monitoring blood pressure is a secondary prevention strategy. What is the primary goal of secondary prevention in this context?
A. To eliminate the risk factors that caused hypertension
B. To prevent the development of hypertension in at-risk individuals
C. To detect hypertension early and initiate treatment to avoid complications
D. To prevent the progression of hypertension through lifestyle changes
C. To detect hypertension early and initiate treatment to avoid complications
Rationale: Secondary prevention aims to identify health conditions like hypertension early and manage them to avoid complications such as heart disease or stroke. Eliminating risk factors (A) and preventing the development of hypertension (B) are primary prevention strategies, while preventing disease progression (D) may involve secondary or tertiary prevention depending on the situation.
Which of the following nursing interventions is an example of tertiary prevention?
A. Administering antiretroviral therapy to a patient with HIV
B. Offering HPV vaccinations to prevent cervical cancer
C. Performing a mammogram to screen for breast cancer
D. Providing genetic counseling to a woman with a family history of Huntington’s disease
A. Administering antiretroviral therapy to a patient with HIV
Rationale: Administering antiretroviral therapy to manage and minimize the progression of HIV is an example of tertiary prevention. HPV vaccination (B) is primary prevention, mammography (C) is secondary prevention, and genetic counseling (D) is also primary prevention.
A nurse is designing a care plan for a patient recovering from a stroke. Which of the following interventions represents tertiary prevention? (Select all that apply)
A. Encouraging participation in a stroke rehabilitation program
B. Providing education on smoking cessation to reduce stroke risk
C. Teaching the patient how to use assistive devices for mobility
D. Conducting blood pressure screenings to monitor for risk factors
E. Offering counseling to address emotional effects of the stroke
A. Encouraging participation in a stroke rehabilitation program
C. Teaching the patient how to use assistive devices for mobility
E. Offering counseling to address emotional effects of the stroke
Rationale: Tertiary prevention involves efforts to restore function and support recovery after a permanent condition. Stroke rehabilitation (A), teaching the use of assistive devices (C), and addressing emotional impacts (E) all fit this category. Smoking cessation education (B) and blood pressure screenings (D) are primary and secondary prevention strategies, respectively.
The nurse is caring for a woman experiencing long-term effects of domestic violence. Which of the following actions demonstrates tertiary prevention?
A. Referring the woman to a support group for survivors of violence
B. Distributing educational materials about healthy relationships
C. Teaching high school students about warning signs of domestic abuse
D. Providing emergency shelter to women fleeing abuse
A. Referring the woman to a support group for survivors of violence
Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on managing the long-term effects of a condition, such as supporting recovery and helping build support systems for survivors of domestic violence. Distributing educational materials (B) and teaching students (C) are primary prevention strategies, while providing emergency shelter (D) is an immediate intervention, not focused on long-term recovery.
The nurse is providing home care for a 6-year-old girl with multiple medical challenges. Which of the following activities would be considered the tertiary level of prevention?
A) Arranging for a physical therapy session
B) Teaching parents to administer albuterol
C) Reminding parent to give a full course of antibiotics
D) Giving a DTaP vaccination at the proper interval
A) Arranging for a physical therapy session
The nurse would recommend the use of which supplement as a primary prevention strategy to prevent neural tube defects with pregnant women?
A) Calcium
B) Folic acid
C) Vitamin C
D) Iron
B) Folic acid
Which action would the nurse include in a primary prevention program in the community to help reduce the incidence of HIV infection?
A) Provide treatment for clients who test positive for HIV
B) Monitor viral load counts periodically
C) Educate clients in how to practice safe sex
D) Offer testing for clients who practice unsafe sex
C) Educate clients in how to practice safe sex
After teaching a group of students about the different levels of prevention, the instructor determines a need for additional teaching when the students identify which of the following as a secondary prevention level activity in community-based health care?
A) Teaching women to take folic acid supplements to prevent neural tube defects
B) Working with women who are victims of domestic violence
C) Working with clients at an HIV clinic to provide nutritional and CAM therapies
D) Teaching hypertensive clients to monitor blood pressure
A) Teaching women to take folic acid supplements to prevent neural tube defects
