Chapter 1 and 2: Perspectives on Maternal Newborn, & Women’s Healthcare Flashcards
What is the definition of the maternal mortality ratio?
a) The number of children born each year
b) The annual number of female deaths from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management
c) The percentage of women who give birth each year
d) The ratio of women with health insurance
b) The annual number of female deaths from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management
Rationale: The maternal mortality ratio is the annual number of female deaths from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management, excluding accidental or incidental causes, during pregnancy and childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy.
Which ethnic group in the United States has the highest maternal mortality ratio?
a) White women
b) Hispanic women
c) African American women
d) Asian women
c) African American women
What are the top five leading causes of pregnancy-related mortality in the United States?
a) Postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum infection, preeclampsia/eclampsia, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and abortion complications
b) Anemia, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and smoking
c) Malnutrition, infection, trauma, genetic disorders, and environmental factors
d) Asthma, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, lung cancer, and tuberculosis
a) Postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum infection, preeclampsia/eclampsia, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and abortion complications
How does the maternal mortality ratio in the United States compare to other developed countries?
a) It is higher in the United States
b) It is lower in the United States
c) It is similar to other developed countries
d) It is not measured in the United States
a) It is higher in the United States
What is one of the largest racial disparities among public health indicators in the United States?
a) Diabetes rates between men and women
b) Maternal mortality rates between women of color and white women
c) Heart disease rates among young adults
d) Cancer rates in rural vs. urban areas
b) Maternal mortality rates between women of color and white women
What are some suspected causes of higher maternal mortality rates for minority women in the United States?
a) High socioeconomic status and comprehensive insurance coverage
b) Higher educational attainment and better health literacy
c) Improved access to prenatal care and advanced medical technologies
d) Limited or no insurance coverage, low socioeconomic status, bias among healthcare providers, and quality of care available
d) Limited or no insurance coverage, low socioeconomic status, bias among healthcare providers, and quality of care available
A woman with a history of gestational hypertension presents with dyspnea and chest discomfort. Which condition should the nurse prioritize in the differential diagnosis?
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Panic attack
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
C. Myocardial infarction
Which factor contributes to the complexity of diagnosing heart disease in women?
A. Heart disease is often considered a “man’s disease”
B. Women exhibit classic “crushing chest pain” symptoms
C. Women have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease
D. Women experience menopause earlier than men
A. Heart disease is often considered a “man’s disease”
A nurse is educating a group of women on cancer prevention. Which type of cancer should be emphasized as the leading cause of cancer deaths in women?
A. Breast cancer
B. Endometrial cancer
C. Lung cancer
D. Ovarian cancer
C. Lung cancer
What is a significant risk factor for breast cancer that reflects social and economic disparities more than biologic differences?
A. Family history of breast cancer
B. Socioeconomic status
C. Irregularities in the menstrual cycle
D. Aging
B. Socioeconomic status
A pregnant woman with preexisting cardiovascular disease asks about the risks associated with pregnancy. Which factor should the nurse emphasize as increasing the workload on the heart during pregnancy?
A. Decreased plasma volume
B. Decreased cardiac output
C. Increased blood pressure
D. Increased heart rate
D. Increased heart rate
In the context of maternal morbidity, why is preconception counseling crucial for women with preexisting CVD?
A. It ensures women will not develop CVD during pregnancy
B. It defines both maternal and fetal risks of pregnancy
C. It guarantees a complication-free pregnancy
D. It eliminates the need for cardiac medication during pregnancy
B. It defines both maternal and fetal risks of pregnancy
A nurse is ensuring that a client understands the risks and benefits of a surgical procedure before signing the consent form. Which key component of informed consent is the nurse addressing?
A. Disclosure
B. Comprehension
C. Competency
D. Voluntariness
B. Comprehension
Which legal document must be signed by the client to agree to undergo a medical procedure after understanding its risks and benefits?
A. Informed consent
B. Power of attorney
C. Living will
D. Health care proxy
A. Informed consent
What responsibility does a nurse have in the informed consent process?
A. Performing the procedure
B. Providing a detailed description of the procedure
C. Ensuring the consent form is signed
D. Making the final decision about the procedure
C. Ensuring the consent form is signed
Which scenario represents a violation of a client’s autonomy in medical decision-making?
A. A client refuses a blood transfusion due to religious beliefs, and the nurse respects this decision.
B. A nurse educates a client about the benefits of a recommended treatment without coercion.
C. A client is not informed about the potential risks of a procedure before giving consent.
D. A client decides to participate in a clinical trial after understanding the risks involved.
C. A client is not informed about the potential risks of a procedure before giving consent.
