Midterm Flashcards
achieved vs ascribed
achieved status- control of social ranking (class system) based on skill, knowledge, ability ascribed- born into status, no control of social category (caste system) ex. age, gender, race, harijan
example of norm
cover your mouth when you yawn
dont kill a human being
example of more
folkway
taboo
more- dishonesty, fraud
folkway- do your hw, shake hands when introduced
taboo- murder, rape, shooting
3 types of norms are?
more
folkway
taboo
more
socially significant norms; part of low, violating = serious business
folkways
right thing to do, customary, violating=shame, but not violating law (common customs)
taboos
acts considered by a society as horrible, unspeakable (takes more and goes 1 step further)
in groups
group of 1 person belongs to & identifies with
ex. member of street gang- sharks
out groups
any group 1 does NOT belong to or identify with
ex. rival street gang
primary groups
small group of ppl interact over long period of time, direct impersonal basis
ex. clique of pals
secondary groups
interaction is impersonal & temporary
ex. language arts class, know very few ppl
reference group
any group 1 identifies w/ & whose values/ attitudes are adopted
ex. clergy nuns, priests, at your church
highest and lowest status/role in class survey
highest- captain of football team
lowest- quiet kid
counterculture links off subcult.
group of drug addicts who reside in a crack house
subculture
neighborhood in chinatown
group of teens break into neighbors house while gone, steal family car this is…
burglary
whats shoplifting classified as?
larceny theft
what are the personal/violent crimes?
homicide - most common, intraracial & acquainted, handgun
Rape- intraracial & acquainted
Assaut- attack on 1 person
robbery- taking of property by threat or threat of force
what are the property crimes?
burglary- taking of property by tresspasing- a private place
larceny theft- taking of property from a public place
-shop lifting -only crime women almost exceed men
-most common of the 8 crimes
arson- burning
auto theft- stealing a car
labeling
when ppl classify you as deviant, they treat you differently, & you behave as they expect you to behave w/ this deviant classification
differential association
if you associate w/ bad ppl, you’ll do bad things
strain
says that the impersonal society of ours leads us to not recognize how to act properly, thus encouraging deviance. when 1 cannot meet their goals, they get frustrated and act incorrectly
5 adaptation patterns of strain/anomie theory?
conformist innovation ritualism retreatist rebellion
conformist
accept culturally approved goals and the means of achieving them, efforts involve legitamate means
ex. members of american society follow the law
ritualism
impossible to achieve cultural goals by acceptable means, abandon goals while achieving the avg
ex. worker passes up promotion bc afraid of failure
innovation
accept cultural goals of society, dont accept means of achieving them
ex. drug dealers, burglars
retreatist
reject both cultural goals & means of achieving them, no effort (drop out of society)
ex. drug addicts, beggars
rebellion
substitute new goals & means for the currently approved set
crime most frequently committed in class self crime report? which is the least? how often were ppl caught>
msot frequently- marijuana use
least- homicide, rape, arson, prostitution, concealed weapon violation
caught- 0%
anticipatory socialization
important part of adolescent development which involves learning the rights, obligations, & expectations of a role to prepare for assuming the role in the future
ex. part time job or datin
rites of passage
event signifying passage from 1 stage of life to another
ex. sweet 16, graduation, marriage, having a kid, retirement
4 major agents of socialization?
family peers school mass media
functions of deviance?
clarifies norms unifies group diffuses tension promotes social change provides jobs
functions of dating?
entertainment socialization source of mate selection source of status attainment companionship
upper class
education- prestigious universities
housing- luxiorious homes
occupations- owners of large business, top positions in gov, private enterprise
leisure-exclusive resort vacations, giving to charity
poverty level in us?
determined by calculating cost of adequate diet times 3 bc ppl spend 1/3 income on food
just under 24,5000/yr for family of 4
what % america under poverty level?
14.5% of population
type of person most likely to be adversely affected by poverty?
race- blacks & hispanics
age- children(-18)
gender- female
how is social class determined?
wealth, prestige, power
what are the patterns of minority group treatment?
cultural pluralism assimilation legal protection subjagation extermination/genocide population transfer
increase or decrease distance btwn minority and majority group? cultural pluralism
clutural pluralism- permitting ethnic/racial groups to retain own unique cultural identities & customs
DECREASE
ex. greek festival
assimilation
melting pot of all racial and ethnic groups into 1 culture
DECREASE
ex. america permits immigrants
subjagation
deliberate attempt to control a minority group
INCREASE
ex.slavery in US
legal protection
laws enacted to protect rights of minority groups that have faced discrimination
DECREASE
ex. civil rights act
population transfer
forcible relocation of a minority group
INCREASE
ex. trail of tears
extermination/genocide
deliberate attempt to destroy a group of ppl
INCREASE
ex. hitlers solution (holocaust)
active bigots
discriminate and are prejudiced
timid bigots
are prejudiced
no discrimination
all-weather liberals
neither prejudiced or discriminate
fair-weather liberals
discriminate
not prejudiced
discrimination
denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership (its a behavior)
ex. jim crow laws, name calling at blacks
prejudice
unsupported generalization about a category of ppl (its an attitude)
ex. not liking ppl bc they are black
racism
belief that ones own race or ethnic group is naturally superior to others
ex. caucasions are better then blacks
stereotyping
unfair, sweeping generalization made about a group of ppl about a particular characteristic
ex. all irish ppl are hot tempered
forms of social interaction
exchange cooperation competition conflict accomidation
4 purposes/functions of corrections system (prison)
deterence
rehabilitation
retribution
social protection
forms of accomodation?
truce
compromise
mediation
arbitration
whats accommodation
balance between cooperation and conflict
whats conflict
deliberate attempt to oppose, harm, control by force, or resist will of another person or persons
