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Sociology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

achieved vs ascribed

A 
achieved status- control of social ranking (class system) based on skill, knowledge, ability
ascribed- born into status, no control of social category (caste system) ex. age, gender, race, harijan
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2
Q

example of norm

A

cover your mouth when you yawn

dont kill a human being

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3
Q

example of more
folkway
taboo

A

more- dishonesty, fraud
folkway- do your hw, shake hands when introduced
taboo- murder, rape, shooting

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4
Q

3 types of norms are?

A

more
folkway
taboo

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5
Q

more

A

socially significant norms; part of low, violating = serious business

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6
Q

folkways

A

right thing to do, customary, violating=shame, but not violating law (common customs)

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7
Q

taboos

A

acts considered by a society as horrible, unspeakable (takes more and goes 1 step further)

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8
Q

in groups

A

group of 1 person belongs to & identifies with

ex. member of street gang- sharks

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9
Q

out groups

A

any group 1 does NOT belong to or identify with

ex. rival street gang

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10
Q

primary groups

A

small group of ppl interact over long period of time, direct impersonal basis
ex. clique of pals

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11
Q

secondary groups

A

interaction is impersonal & temporary

ex. language arts class, know very few ppl

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12
Q

reference group

A

any group 1 identifies w/ & whose values/ attitudes are adopted
ex. clergy nuns, priests, at your church

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13
Q

highest and lowest status/role in class survey

A

highest- captain of football team

lowest- quiet kid

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14
Q

counterculture links off subcult.

A

group of drug addicts who reside in a crack house

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15
Q

subculture

A

neighborhood in chinatown

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16
Q

group of teens break into neighbors house while gone, steal family car this is…

A

burglary

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17
Q

whats shoplifting classified as?

A

larceny theft

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18
Q

what are the personal/violent crimes?

A

homicide - most common, intraracial & acquainted, handgun
Rape- intraracial & acquainted
Assaut- attack on 1 person
robbery- taking of property by threat or threat of force

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19
Q

what are the property crimes?

A

burglary- taking of property by tresspasing- a private place
larceny theft- taking of property from a public place
-shop lifting -only crime women almost exceed men
-most common of the 8 crimes
arson- burning
auto theft- stealing a car

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20
Q

labeling

A

when ppl classify you as deviant, they treat you differently, & you behave as they expect you to behave w/ this deviant classification

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21
Q

differential association

A

if you associate w/ bad ppl, you’ll do bad things

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22
Q

strain

A

says that the impersonal society of ours leads us to not recognize how to act properly, thus encouraging deviance. when 1 cannot meet their goals, they get frustrated and act incorrectly

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23
Q

5 adaptation patterns of strain/anomie theory?

A 
conformist
innovation
ritualism
retreatist
rebellion
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24
Q

conformist

A

accept culturally approved goals and the means of achieving them, efforts involve legitamate means
ex. members of american society follow the law

25
Q

ritualism

A

impossible to achieve cultural goals by acceptable means, abandon goals while achieving the avg
ex. worker passes up promotion bc afraid of failure

26
Q

innovation

A

accept cultural goals of society, dont accept means of achieving them
ex. drug dealers, burglars

27
Q

retreatist

A

reject both cultural goals & means of achieving them, no effort (drop out of society)
ex. drug addicts, beggars

28
Q

rebellion

A

substitute new goals & means for the currently approved set

29
Q

crime most frequently committed in class self crime report? which is the least? how often were ppl caught>

A

msot frequently- marijuana use
least- homicide, rape, arson, prostitution, concealed weapon violation
caught- 0%

30
Q

anticipatory socialization

A

important part of adolescent development which involves learning the rights, obligations, & expectations of a role to prepare for assuming the role in the future
ex. part time job or datin

31
Q

rites of passage

A

event signifying passage from 1 stage of life to another

ex. sweet 16, graduation, marriage, having a kid, retirement

32
Q

4 major agents of socialization?

A

family peers school mass media

33
Q

functions of deviance?

A 
clarifies norms
unifies group
diffuses tension
promotes social change
provides jobs
34
Q

functions of dating?

A 
entertainment
socialization
source of mate selection
source of status attainment
companionship
35
Q

upper class

A

education- prestigious universities
housing- luxiorious homes
occupations- owners of large business, top positions in gov, private enterprise
leisure-exclusive resort vacations, giving to charity

36
Q

poverty level in us?

A

determined by calculating cost of adequate diet times 3 bc ppl spend 1/3 income on food
just under 24,5000/yr for family of 4

37
Q

what % america under poverty level?

A

14.5% of population

38
Q

type of person most likely to be adversely affected by poverty?

A

race- blacks & hispanics
age- children(-18)
gender- female

39
Q

how is social class determined?

A

wealth, prestige, power

40
Q

what are the patterns of minority group treatment?

A 
cultural pluralism
assimilation
legal protection
subjagation
extermination/genocide
population transfer
41
Q

increase or decrease distance btwn minority and majority group? cultural pluralism

A

clutural pluralism- permitting ethnic/racial groups to retain own unique cultural identities & customs
DECREASE
ex. greek festival

42
Q

assimilation

A

melting pot of all racial and ethnic groups into 1 culture
DECREASE
ex. america permits immigrants

43
Q

subjagation

A

deliberate attempt to control a minority group
INCREASE
ex.slavery in US

44
Q

legal protection

A

laws enacted to protect rights of minority groups that have faced discrimination
DECREASE
ex. civil rights act

45
Q

population transfer

A

forcible relocation of a minority group
INCREASE
ex. trail of tears

46
Q

extermination/genocide

A

deliberate attempt to destroy a group of ppl
INCREASE
ex. hitlers solution (holocaust)

47
Q

active bigots

A

discriminate and are prejudiced

48
Q

timid bigots

A

are prejudiced

no discrimination

49
Q

all-weather liberals

A

neither prejudiced or discriminate

50
Q

fair-weather liberals

A

discriminate

not prejudiced

51
Q

discrimination

A

denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership (its a behavior)
ex. jim crow laws, name calling at blacks

52
Q

prejudice

A

unsupported generalization about a category of ppl (its an attitude)
ex. not liking ppl bc they are black

53
Q

racism

A

belief that ones own race or ethnic group is naturally superior to others
ex. caucasions are better then blacks

54
Q

stereotyping

A

unfair, sweeping generalization made about a group of ppl about a particular characteristic
ex. all irish ppl are hot tempered

55
Q

forms of social interaction

A 
exchange
cooperation
competition
conflict
accomidation
56
Q

4 purposes/functions of corrections system (prison)

A

deterence
rehabilitation
retribution
social protection

57
Q

forms of accomodation?

A

truce
compromise
mediation
arbitration

58
Q

whats accommodation

A

balance between cooperation and conflict

59
Q

whats conflict

A

deliberate attempt to oppose, harm, control by force, or resist will of another person or persons

Sociology (6 decks)

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