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Sociology > Ch 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Ch 3 & 4 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cultural lag

A

How material culture changes faster than non material culture

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2
Q

Cultural change

A

The gradual evolution of a culture over time, largely due to population patterns and technological change
Also how some groups adopt cultural change better then others

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3
Q

Cultural change often yields what?

A

A generation gap

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4
Q

What are the 6 group functions ?

A 
Define boundaries 
Select leaders
Assign tasks 
Control members behavior 
Make decisions
Set goals
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5
Q

example of ascribed status

A

Son/daughter of wealthy parents

physically attractive

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6
Q

example of achieved status

A

class president, captain of the football team, holder of high grades

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7
Q

What type of group is this?

instagram contacts, fantasy football league, twitter followers

A

E-community

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8
Q

What type of group?

member of a street gang called the sharks

A

in-group

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9
Q

What type of group?

rival street gang, the jets

A

Out-group

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10
Q

What group?

clergy (nuns, pastors,etc.) at your church

A

Reference

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11
Q

Group?

Language Arts class, where you know very few

A

Secondary

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12
Q

Group?

your clique of pals

A

primary

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13
Q

Role strain

A

Situation that occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the expectations of ONE role
Ex. nurse overwhelmed by her job requirements

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14
Q

Define Status

A

socially defined position in a group or society

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15
Q

Define Role

A

behavior associated with a certain status

Ex. cop, enforces laws, not breaks them

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16
Q

Define ascribed status

A

A position/status you’re born in to

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17
Q

Define Achieved Status

A

one earned through hard work, personal effort, and merit

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18
Q

difference between a status and a role

A

you occupy a status, but play a role

ex. status-student, role-parent (Deshaun)

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19
Q

List all the values that form foundation of traditional American culture defined by sociologist Robin Wiliams

A
  1. Personal Achievement
  2. Individualism
  3. Work
  4. Morality and Humanitarianism
  5. Efficiency and Practicality
  6. Progress and material comfort
  7. Equality
  8. Democracy
  9. Freedom
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20
Q

2 basic ways in which norms of society are enforced ?

What are their definitions

A

Internalization- norm becomes a part of an individuals personality, thus conditioning them to conform to society’s expectations
Sanctions- rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms

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21
Q

How have american values changed in recent years?

A

new values have developed like self-fulfillment and the concern for the environment

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22
Q

List the 6 sources of social change and how they affect society

A
  1. Values & beliefs - change bc of social movements (Womens rights movement)
  2. Technology - change bc of discovery and inventions of new/better things (cell phones)
  3. Population - size increase, new values and ways of doing things (immigrants-> italian food)
  4. Diffusion - spreading cultural traits and ideas (sushi from japan)
  5. Physical environment - unexpected incidents (natural disaster -> new construction methods, better buildings)
  6. Wars & Conquests - having to rebuild (destruction of cities -> new cities and technology)
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23
Q

What are the 4 different sanctions?

Compare positive and negative sanctions

A

Informal, Formal, Positive, Negative
Positive- action that rewards a particular behavior Ex. A raise
Negative- punishments or the threat of punishments used to enforce conformity Ex. possibility of having your car towed

24
Q

How do ethnocentrism, cultural lag, and vested interests produce resistance to social change in an educational setting?

A

People believe that the standard education now is fine as it is (vested) , think their way of providing education is the best/superior (ethnocentrism) , and because of cultural lag, the things that need to be changed have not been able to be altered

25
Q

what does it mean to have a vested interest in something?

A

to be satisfied with the way things are

26
Q

3 things that produce resistance to change?

A

ethnocentrism, cultural lag, and vested interest

27
Q

three forms of legitimate power of authority outlined by Max Weber

A

traditional
rational-legal
charismatic

28
Q

define traditional authority

A

power based on long-standing custom, people accept it because people in the past did (usually hereditary)

29
Q

define rational legal authority

A

power that is legitimated by formal rules & regulations (an authority over you) (ex. Mr. Gibeaut)

30
Q

define charismatic authority

A

based on personal characteristics of the individual exercising the power (MLK Jr)

31
Q

master status

A

plays the greatest role in shaping a person’s life and determining his/her social identity
ex. teenage years- being a student or athlete

32
Q

reciprocal roles

A

corresponding roles that define the patterns of interaction between related statuses
ex. The role of a husband goes along with the role of the wife, coach and athlete

33
Q

Role expectation

A

socially determined behaviors expected of a person performing a role
Ex. old man sleeps in a hammock everyday, assume hes old and tired
doctors expected to treat their patients

34
Q

Role performance

A

actual behavior of a person performing a role

35
Q

role conflict

A

situation occurs when fulfilling the expectations of ONE role make it difficult to fulfill the expectations of another role
Ex. Good employee, go to work, good parent, stay at home

36
Q

6 groups

A 
primary
secondary
reference
in group
out group
e-communities
37
Q

primary

A

small group of people interact over long period of time, direct and personal basis

38
Q

secondary

A

interaction is impersonal and temporary

39
Q

Reference

A

any group individuals identify with and whose values/attitudes they adopt

40
Q

in group

A

the group one person belongs to and identifies with

41
Q

out group

A

any group on does NOT belong to or identify with

42
Q

E-communities

A

people interact with one another regularly on the internet

43
Q

personal achievement involves ?

A

individualism and competition

44
Q

individualism

A

key to personal achievement, hard-work and initiative to succeed

45
Q

Work

A

discipline, dedication, and hard work (dont value work if lazy and immoral)

46
Q

morality and humanitarianism

A

view the world in terms of right and wrong

quick to help less fortunate

47
Q

efficiency and practicality

A

value problem solving (every problem has a solution), judge objects on usefulness and judge ppl on their ability to get things done

48
Q

Progress and material comfort

A

optimism, living standards will continue to improve through hard work, make the world better with science and tech.

49
Q

Equality

A

equal opportunities, but success must be earned

50
Q

democracy

A

equality, right to express opinions and participate freely in choosing their representatives in gov.

51
Q

freedom

A

freedom of choice, like religion, speech, and press

52
Q

ex of cultural change from parents generation to now?

A

dances like the funky chicken to the whip & twerking

53
Q

Heroes and villianes apply to robin williams traditional american culture values how?

A

they can both acquire the same values, but the way they put them to action impacts society
terrorists- personal achievement in succeeding to kill others
police- personal achievement by helping and saving others

54
Q

How does group involvement relate to ones self concept?

A

being ignored- contribute less vs someone listened to contributes more
either feel superior or inferior, superior/ praised -increases their involvement in the group

55
Q

What are the 5 most common forms of social interaction ?

A 
exchange
competition
conflict
cooperation
accommodation
56
Q

What are the different forms accommodation can take? What do they mean?

A

arbitration- 3rd party makes a decision that is binding both parties
mediation- 3rd party acts as an adviser and counselor to help the 2 parties reach an agreement
compromise- both 2 parties give up something to come to a mutual agreement
truce- brings a halt to the conflict until a compromise can be reached

57
Q

example of exchange, competition, conflict, cooperation, and accommodation

A 
e- purple heart for combat wound
comp- US vs ISIS
con- War
Coop- United Nation countries as allies
accom- truce, time out to clear dead bodies off the battlefield

Sociology (6 decks)

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