Ch 3 & 4 Flashcards
Cultural lag
How material culture changes faster than non material culture
Cultural change
The gradual evolution of a culture over time, largely due to population patterns and technological change
Also how some groups adopt cultural change better then others
Cultural change often yields what?
A generation gap
What are the 6 group functions ?
Define boundaries Select leaders Assign tasks Control members behavior Make decisions Set goals
example of ascribed status
Son/daughter of wealthy parents
physically attractive
example of achieved status
class president, captain of the football team, holder of high grades
What type of group is this?
instagram contacts, fantasy football league, twitter followers
E-community
What type of group?
member of a street gang called the sharks
in-group
What type of group?
rival street gang, the jets
Out-group
What group?
clergy (nuns, pastors,etc.) at your church
Reference
Group?
Language Arts class, where you know very few
Secondary
Group?
your clique of pals
primary
Role strain
Situation that occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the expectations of ONE role
Ex. nurse overwhelmed by her job requirements
Define Status
socially defined position in a group or society
Define Role
behavior associated with a certain status
Ex. cop, enforces laws, not breaks them
Define ascribed status
A position/status you’re born in to
Define Achieved Status
one earned through hard work, personal effort, and merit
difference between a status and a role
you occupy a status, but play a role
ex. status-student, role-parent (Deshaun)
List all the values that form foundation of traditional American culture defined by sociologist Robin Wiliams
- Personal Achievement
- Individualism
- Work
- Morality and Humanitarianism
- Efficiency and Practicality
- Progress and material comfort
- Equality
- Democracy
- Freedom
2 basic ways in which norms of society are enforced ?
What are their definitions
Internalization- norm becomes a part of an individuals personality, thus conditioning them to conform to society’s expectations
Sanctions- rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms
How have american values changed in recent years?
new values have developed like self-fulfillment and the concern for the environment
List the 6 sources of social change and how they affect society
- Values & beliefs - change bc of social movements (Womens rights movement)
- Technology - change bc of discovery and inventions of new/better things (cell phones)
- Population - size increase, new values and ways of doing things (immigrants-> italian food)
- Diffusion - spreading cultural traits and ideas (sushi from japan)
- Physical environment - unexpected incidents (natural disaster -> new construction methods, better buildings)
- Wars & Conquests - having to rebuild (destruction of cities -> new cities and technology)
What are the 4 different sanctions?
Compare positive and negative sanctions
Informal, Formal, Positive, Negative
Positive- action that rewards a particular behavior Ex. A raise
Negative- punishments or the threat of punishments used to enforce conformity Ex. possibility of having your car towed
How do ethnocentrism, cultural lag, and vested interests produce resistance to social change in an educational setting?
People believe that the standard education now is fine as it is (vested) , think their way of providing education is the best/superior (ethnocentrism) , and because of cultural lag, the things that need to be changed have not been able to be altered
what does it mean to have a vested interest in something?
to be satisfied with the way things are
3 things that produce resistance to change?
ethnocentrism, cultural lag, and vested interest
three forms of legitimate power of authority outlined by Max Weber
traditional
rational-legal
charismatic
define traditional authority
power based on long-standing custom, people accept it because people in the past did (usually hereditary)
define rational legal authority
power that is legitimated by formal rules & regulations (an authority over you) (ex. Mr. Gibeaut)
define charismatic authority
based on personal characteristics of the individual exercising the power (MLK Jr)
master status
plays the greatest role in shaping a person’s life and determining his/her social identity
ex. teenage years- being a student or athlete
reciprocal roles
corresponding roles that define the patterns of interaction between related statuses
ex. The role of a husband goes along with the role of the wife, coach and athlete
Role expectation
socially determined behaviors expected of a person performing a role
Ex. old man sleeps in a hammock everyday, assume hes old and tired
doctors expected to treat their patients
Role performance
actual behavior of a person performing a role
role conflict
situation occurs when fulfilling the expectations of ONE role make it difficult to fulfill the expectations of another role
Ex. Good employee, go to work, good parent, stay at home
6 groups
primary secondary reference in group out group e-communities
primary
small group of people interact over long period of time, direct and personal basis
secondary
interaction is impersonal and temporary
Reference
any group individuals identify with and whose values/attitudes they adopt
in group
the group one person belongs to and identifies with
out group
any group on does NOT belong to or identify with
E-communities
people interact with one another regularly on the internet
personal achievement involves ?
individualism and competition
individualism
key to personal achievement, hard-work and initiative to succeed
Work
discipline, dedication, and hard work (dont value work if lazy and immoral)
morality and humanitarianism
view the world in terms of right and wrong
quick to help less fortunate
efficiency and practicality
value problem solving (every problem has a solution), judge objects on usefulness and judge ppl on their ability to get things done
Progress and material comfort
optimism, living standards will continue to improve through hard work, make the world better with science and tech.
Equality
equal opportunities, but success must be earned
democracy
equality, right to express opinions and participate freely in choosing their representatives in gov.
freedom
freedom of choice, like religion, speech, and press
ex of cultural change from parents generation to now?
dances like the funky chicken to the whip & twerking
Heroes and villianes apply to robin williams traditional american culture values how?
they can both acquire the same values, but the way they put them to action impacts society
terrorists- personal achievement in succeeding to kill others
police- personal achievement by helping and saving others
How does group involvement relate to ones self concept?
being ignored- contribute less vs someone listened to contributes more
either feel superior or inferior, superior/ praised -increases their involvement in the group
What are the 5 most common forms of social interaction ?
exchange competition conflict cooperation accommodation
What are the different forms accommodation can take? What do they mean?
arbitration- 3rd party makes a decision that is binding both parties
mediation- 3rd party acts as an adviser and counselor to help the 2 parties reach an agreement
compromise- both 2 parties give up something to come to a mutual agreement
truce- brings a halt to the conflict until a compromise can be reached
example of exchange, competition, conflict, cooperation, and accommodation
e- purple heart for combat wound comp- US vs ISIS con- War Coop- United Nation countries as allies accom- truce, time out to clear dead bodies off the battlefield
