Ch 8 Crime & Deviance Flashcards
Deviance
any behavior, belief, and condition that violates a social norm
examples of how deviance has changed over the years?
smoking, less accepted underage sexual activity, more accepted underage drinking, more accepted disrespecting authorities, more accepted tattoos and piercings, more accepted
how is deviance viewed differently, culture by culture examples?
murder not accepted, in India, more accepted
marrying outside social circle, in India, not accepted
4 comments on deviance?
1) being deviant is not necessarily synonymous w/ breaking the law
2) even breaking the law is justifiable at times
3) repeat minor acts make one deviant; one serious act, however, is more serious than many minor ones
4) what’s considered “deviance” has changed over the yrs & differs amongst cultures
example of deviant not being synonymous for breaking law (1st comment on deviance)
underage sexual activity or being in a bicycle gang
example of breaking the law being justifiable (2nd comment on deviance)
self defense, driving fat in emergency (pregnancy)
example of minor acts making one deviant, but one serious act is more serious than many minor (3rd comment on deviance)
1 speeding ticket- warning, 3 speeding tickets- deviant
example of “deviance” changing over yrs (4th comment on deviance)
drinking young acceptable in other cultures
Explanations for Deviant Behavior (3)
anomie/ strain theory- ex) credit card stolen online
labeling theory- treated like that label after doing something bad ex) going to prison & trying to get a job
cultural transmission - who associated w/ can determine if engaging in criminal activity
Functions of Deviance
Clarifies Norms - boundaries
Unifies group - gives deviants a group (street gang)
Diffuses tension - minor forms are overlooked
Promotes social change - identify -> change bc problem areas
Provides jobs - judge
Labeling theory
describing people as deviant based on the things they do
Labeling theory steps (6)
1) primary deviance occurs
2) contingencies
3) social reaction occurs (deviant is labeled)
4) label effects things
5) join a deviant subculture
6) secondary deviance
explain primary deviance
deviance rarely occurs, & the perpetrator does not consider himself “deviant”
explain contingencies
- how serious was the crime?
- was there a witness?
- was the crime reported? -prior record?
- attitude toward authorities? -your dress, age, race
- do you have power?
explain social reaction occuring
deviant is labeled
Ex) Tiger Woods- cheater
explain the label effects
interpersonal relationships
economic (job) opportunities
deviant’s self concept- she believes the label as true
explain secondary deviance
one now accepts his label & INCREASES his deviance
Cultural transmission
essentially, if you associate w/ a deviant subculture, you’ll engage in the same deviance they do
Differential association
what determines how deviant you are?
part of cultural transmission
- how close you are to the deviants, and how often you associate w/ them determines how deviant you are
examples of deviant subcultures? (4)
bike gang
hookers
drug addicts
street gang
(prime) Violent Crimes (4)
Homicide
Rape
Assault
Robbery
Property Crimes (4)
Burglary
Larceny Theft
Arson
Auto theft
Victimless Crimes (4)
Gambling (not really anymore)
Prostitution
Drug use
Vagrancy (not really anymore)
benefits of legalizing drug use? (victimless crime)
jobs
not real lethal
decrease in crime rate
$52.6 mil in tax revenue
What’s homicide?
interracial or intraracial?
acquainted or strangers?
most violent crime
intraracial, areas are segregated by race so more likely to be killed by same race
involving ppl acquainted
most likely to use hand gun bc easy to concile
What’s rape?
interracial or intraracial?
acquainted or strangers?
intraracial, date within race
acquainted, like date & spousal rape
What’s assault?
day that is happens the most?
attack on 1 person
SUPERBOWL
Whats robbery?
taking of property by FORCE or threat of force
Whats burglary?
taking of property involving trespassing- a private place (stealing x-mas decorations)
Whats larceny theft? ex? known for?
taking of property from a public place
- shoplifting - most common of the 8 crimes
- only crime where women almost exceed men
Whats arson?
burning
ex of auto theft?
15 yr old steal parents car like latanian milton
Functions (purposes) of the corrections System
Deterrence
Rehabilitation
Retribution
Social Protection
Deterrence
meant to keep the perpetrator from repeating (recidivism) their crime
- their example prevents US from committing the crime
- Stigmatization!
what’s stigmatization?
part of deterrence (shameful as punishment)
-use of SHAME & EMBARRASSMENT to deter future crime
Rehabilitation
teach them marketable skills upon their release from prison
ex) cooking, maintenance, farm work
Retribution
paybacks for the victim & for the family
Social Protection
lock em up to keep them out of society & away from us
Ex) aerial castro, Supermax- group of cells w/ no human contact
ex. of stigmatization at village green?
stoning night (once a month) at the village green
Anomie theory of deviance
situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or no loner applicable
-developed by Robert K. Merton
Ex)teen who is unemployed may feel worthless and becomes involved in crime to feel purpose, prevented from job bc lack of education or social conditions
-society wants success, but when hard work wont achieve that, easier to fall into deviance
5 adaptation patterns used for ppl to cope in society?
which is the least deviant?
conformist - least deviant innovation ritualism retreatist rebellion
Crimes committed by girls more than guys? (4)
unlawful entering of a building
liquor law violations
embezzlement
DUI
Highest crime in our 2015 sociology class?
Marijuana use
joke with homicide? year?
1991
Primary function of Supermax prison?
Social Protection
not trying to correct them, want them keep away from rest of U.S.
5 general categories of crime?
violent crimes against property victimless white collar organized crime
organized crime
organization provides by business-> huge profit
ex) hijacking of merchandise, drug trafficking, illegal gambling, unfair labor practices
white collar crime
committed by high class in their professional lives ex) fraud, misrepresentation, embezzlement, price fixing, insider trading, tax evasion
methods used to execute a criminal?
lethal injection (most common), electrocution, gas chamber, hanging, firing squad
What execute method does ohio use?
lethal injection
Cruel and unusual punishment examples? what amendment prohibits this?
8th, convicted of crime, right to be free of this punishment in jail or prison
rat torture
tar & feathering
boiling
Innovators
Examples and meaning
Accept cultural goals of their society, but do NOT accept approved means for reaching these goals (devise new means for achieving these goals)
Ex. Drug dealers, burglars, want to acquire wealth but reject acceptable means to obtain wealth
Rebels
Examples and meaning
Substitute new set of goals & means for the currently approved set
Ex) members of any revolutionary war
Retreatists
Ex & meaning
Reject both cultural goals & socially acceptable means of attaining them, drop out of society, no effort to share their society’s goals & norms
Ex. Drug addicts, beggars, hermits (retreats from society)
Conformists
Ex and meaning
Individual in society accept both the culturally approved goals & the means of achieving them, whether succeed or fail, efforts involve legitimate means
Ex. Members of American society follow the law
Ritualist’s
Ex and meaning
Impossible to achieve cultural goals by acceptable means, abandon goals while continuing to observe expected rules of behavior
Ex) worker passes up opportunities for promotion rather than face possible failure, bureaucrat
Which groups related to strain theory pose a threat to society?
Innovators & Rebels
Which group of ppl are a serious problem?
Retreatists
Lead unproductive life
Most common response of strain theory?
Conformists
Which group is not a serious threat?
Ritualists
Difference between corrections system and juvenile-justice system?
Both have the same purpose of social protection, retribution, rehabilitation, and detterence, with sanctions like imprisonment, parole, probation, community service, but juvenile system only deals with young offenders rather than adults
5 adaptation patterns that people use to cope in society. How to remember them?
GOALS & MEANS
Conformist- conforms, accepts goals & achieving them
Innovators- devise new means for achieving goals, accepts cultural but not how to attain them
Ritualist- observe the ritual, but abandon goals
Retreatists- retreats from society bc rejects both attaining and goals
Rebel- substitutes new goals & means
