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Sociology > Ch 9 > Flashcards

Ch 9 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What causes upward mobility ?

A

advances in technology
changes in merchandising patterns
increase in the populations general level of education
changes in jobs

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2
Q

What causes downward mobility?

A

breakthroughs in technology
economic changes
divorce, recession, illness, retirement, STUPIDITY

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3
Q

Social stratification

A

Ranking of individuals or categories of people on the basis of unequal access to scare resources and social rewards.

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4
Q

Social inequality

A

Unequal sharing of social rewards and resources

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5
Q

2 major classification systems

A

Class and caste

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6
Q

3 dimensions of social stratification

A

Prestige
Wealth
Power

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7
Q

Caste system

A

Scare resources and rewards are distributed on the basis of ascribed status

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8
Q

Class system

A

Scare resources and rewards are determined on the basis of achieved status

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9
Q

Exogamy

A

Caste system forbids this

Marriage outside ones own social category

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10
Q

Endogamy

A

Caste systems practice this

Marriage within ones own social category

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11
Q

In the class system, society is divided into 2 basic groups

A

Bourgeoisie- owners of the means of production in a capitalist society
Proletariat- workers who sell their labor in exchange for wages

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12
Q

Social class

A

Grouping of people with similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige.

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13
Q

Wealth

A

Made up of his or her assets- value of everything the person owns- and income- money earned through salaries

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14
Q

Power

A

Ability to control the behavior of other, with or without their consent

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15
Q

Prestige

A

Respect, honor, recognition, or courtesy an individual receives from other members of society.

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16
Q

Socioeconomic status (SES)

A

Make the ranking of ppl according to he 3 factors possible.

Combines educational level, occupational prestige, and place of residence with the economic factor of income.

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17
Q

Functionalist theory

A

Certain roles in society must be performed to maintain the system, w/o rewards jobs wouldn’t be fulfilled

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18
Q

Conflict theory

A

Competition over scare resources cause social inequality.

19
Q

What do the theories offer?

A

Used to explain social stratification in causes and consequences.

20
Q

3 basic techniques to rank individuals according to social class

A

Reputational method
Subjective method
Objective method

21
Q

Reputational method

A

Individuals in the community are asked to rank other community members based on what they know of their characters and lifestyles.

22
Q

Subjective method

A

Individuals are asked to determine the own social rank.

23
Q

Objective method

A 
(Least biased)
Sociologists define social class in terms of income, occupation, and education.
24
Q 
Upper class 
Education
Housing
Occupations
Leisure-time activities
Favorite sports
A

Prestigious schools
Luxurious homes
Top positions in gov and private enterprise
Giving money to charity, exclusive resort vacations
Polo/golf

25
Q 
Upper middle class 
Education
Housing
Occupations
Leisure-time activities
Favorite sports
A 
College education w/degree 
Large houses 
High income business people & professionals 
Yearly vacations
Bowling/tennis
26
Q 
Lower middle class 
Education
Housing
Occupations
Leisure-time activities
Favorite sports
A 
Less than 4 year education in college
Comfortable housing, average home
Nursing, management, and sales. Small business owners 
Minimum & shorter vacations
Softball
27
Q 
Working class
Education
Housing
Occupations
Leisure-time activities
Favorite sports
A 
High school diploma 
Small home/ decent apartment 
Factory workers, service jobs (MANUAL LABOR)
Shorter vacations 
Basketball
28
Q 
Lower class
Education
Housing
Occupations
Leisure-time activities
Favorite sports
A 
Lack of education, high school dropouts 
Cheap apartment 
Housecleaning, migrant farm work, day laboring 
Panhandling & sitting around 
Gambling on illicit animal fights
29
Q

What 2 classes does the lower class involve?

A

Working poor and underclass

30
Q

Which class has blue collar jobs and which has white?

A

Blue-working class (manual labor)

White-lower middle class (no manual labor)

31
Q

Vertical social mobility

Example

A 
Movement between social classes or strata in which the individual moves from one social class level to another 
Ex. Up/down rages to riches 
Walt Disney
32
Q

Horizontal social mobility

A 
Individual moved from one position in a social class level to another position in the same social class level 
Ex. Move from one job to another of equal social ranking
Accountant moves from one firm to another, but wealth/power/prestige does not change
33
Q

Different between vertical and horizontal social mobility

A 
Vertical- movement between
Horizontal- movement within a social class or stratum
34
Q

Intergenerational social mobility

A

(Special form of vertical mobility)
Status differences between generations in the same family
Ex. Son/daughter of auto mechanic who becomes a doctor.
Taylor swift

35
Q

2 kinds of vertical mobility

A

Upward and downward

36
Q

Poverty

A

Standard of living that is below the minimum level considered decent and reasonable by society
Below the minimum level considered adequate.

37
Q

Poverty level

A

Minimum income

38
Q

How is poverty level determined?

A

Government calculates it by calculating the cost of providing an adequate diet and multiplying it by 3 because poor people spend 1/3 of their income on food.

39
Q

What characteristics affect poverty?

A

Age, sex, race & ethnicity/cultural background

40
Q

What do poor and wealthy members of society differ on?

A

Range of their life chances and in their behavior patterns

41
Q

Transfer payments

A

Government uses this to redistribute money among various segments of society.

42
Q

Can one live an adequate life off minimum wage?

A

It’s possible, but not a good idea. Difficult and sacrifices have to been made if one does not save/spend their money wisely.
Ex. Brad and Angelina in debt bc of child care and either have to get another job or give up things like cable

43
Q

Most median income comparing race as of 2013

A

Asians
Whites
Hispanics
Then blacks

44
Q

Example of panhandlers

Do they get themselves in predicament?

A

Ray- out of his control. Hit by a car
Ted- good education at Harvard but sent bombs in the mail and went to jail bc he was a unabomber. His fault that he is a panhandler now and killed 3 ppl.

Sociology (6 decks)

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