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BIO 107 > Midterm 4 (Ch. 18,19,20) > Flashcards

Midterm 4 (Ch. 18,19,20) Flashcards

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1
Q

If the receiving cell were a muscle cell, what neurotransmitter would you expect to find in the synaptic vesicle?

A

ACh (Acetylcholine)

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2
Q

Which tissue type includes fat and blood

A

connective

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3
Q

What is responsible for voluntary movement?

A

concious thought and striated muscle

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4
Q

Which tissue type lines the intestines and helps in the absorption of nutrients?

A

epithelial

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5
Q

What process is responsible for the maintenance of blood glucose levels by the liver?

A

negative feedback

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6
Q

What activity of the liver makes it act as an accessory organ?

A

production of bile

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7
Q

What would a person born without an epiglottis not be able to do?

A

swallow food without choking

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8
Q

Just before entering the small intestine, what is the pH of chyme?

A

Acidic (low pH)

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9
Q

What is the contraction of smooth muscles that moves a bolus of food down the esophagus called?

A

peristalsis

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10
Q

A person can live a normal life without which digestive system organ?

A

gall bladder

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11
Q

What is emulsification?

A

breaking up of fat molecules

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12
Q

During exhalation, when the diaphragm relaxes and the volume of the chest cavity decreases, how is the air pressure inside the lungs affected?

A

it increases

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13
Q

What is the respiratory surface where gas exchange occurs?

A

alveoli

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14
Q

How do the substances in tobacco smoke increase your risk for stroke and heart attack?

A

the promote the production of the clotting factor, fibrinogen

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15
Q

What region of the heart acts as the heart’s pacemaker?

A

sinoatrial node

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16
Q

In which blood vessels is blood pressure the lowest?

A

veins

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17
Q

Which structures lining the tissue surface of the respiratory tract can be damaged by airborne particles?

A

cilia

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18
Q

Why is carbon monoxide deadly?

A

It binds to the hemoglobin in red blood cells in place of oxygen

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19
Q

Which structures have valves to prevent blood from flowing backward?

A

veins

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20
Q

Which chamber of the heart receives the deoxygenated blood from the systemic system first?

A

right atrium

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21
Q

As air is inhaled, which of these four structures is the last to be encountered?

A

bronchiole

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22
Q

What is the advantage of having grape-like clusters called alveoli as part of the respiratory system?

A

Alveoli allow for an increase in surface area, which maximizes gas exchange

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23
Q

Which statement about respiration is true?

A

Exhalation is an active process during intense exercise

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24
Q

Where can most of the oxygen in the blood be found?

A

bound to hemoglobin

25
Q

What is a possible side effect of having one’s gallbladder removed?

A

Fat digestion is impaired

26
Q

What description applies to accessory organs?

A

They secrete enzymes required for digestion

27
Q

Which organ secretes a buffer that neutralizes the acidity of stomach acid?

A

pancreas

28
Q

Where do the collecting ducts in the kidneys terminate?

A

renal pelvis

29
Q

What risk may result from mixing alcohol with energy drinks?

A

Energy drinks may mask the true intoxicating effects of alcohol

30
Q

How many alcoholic drinks can generally be metabolized in one hour?

A

one

31
Q

How does drinking larger doses of alcohol have negative physiological effects on the body?

A

The blood pressure increases to remove toxins

32
Q

Which tissue type lines the intestines and helps in the absorption of nutrients?

A

epitheleal

33
Q

Which tissue type includes fat and blood?

A

connective

34
Q

What is a function of loose connective tissue?

A

to hold organs in place

35
Q

Which cellular component of blood helps in clotting?

A

platelets

36
Q

How do striated and smooth muscles differ?

A

Striated muscle has a banding pattern under the microscope, but smooth muscle doesn’t

37
Q

In what type of tissue would platelets be found?

A

Connective tissues

38
Q

What material provides the internal, flexible support of the ear?

A

Connective tissues

39
Q

Unlike most organs, which donated organ can be cut into smaller sections and transplanted eventually growing back to full size in both the donor and recipient?

A

liver

40
Q

What is the correct sequence of bodily organization, from simple to complex?

A

cells–tissues–organs–organ systems–organisms

41
Q

What does homeostasis allow an organism to do?

A

maintain a constant internal environment

42
Q

Blood pumped from the right side of the heart goes to the _____ via _____.

A

lungs; arteries

43
Q

During inhalation,

A

the diaphragm and rib muscles contract

44
Q

From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood?

A

Alveoli

45
Q

After blood becomes oxygenated,

A

it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells

46
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen.

47
Q

A human cell placed into a hypertonic solution is likely to

A

lose water by osmosis

48
Q

A human cell placed in a hypotonic environment would

A

take up water through osmosis

49
Q

Which structure(s) in your mouth help(s) to break food down chemically?

A

Salivary glands

50
Q

What function is performed by the large intestine?

A

Water absorption

51
Q

Which statement best describes fat digestion?

A

The bulk of fat digestion takes place in the small intestine with the release of bile from the gallbladder and enzymes from the pancreas.

52
Q

Sally eats a bagel for breakfast. In which body part does the chemical digestion of the bagel begin?

A

Mouth

53
Q

Part complete
Through which structure does urine exit the body?

A

Urethra

54
Q

Current advances in tissue engineering seemingly rely on which of the following?

A

Stem cells

55
Q

The majority of food is absorbed into the bloodstream via the __________.

A

Small intestines

56
Q

After you chew your food, what is the saliva-covered mass that remains?

A

bolus

57
Q

Who is most likely to experience nasal regurgitation?

A

Young child

58
Q

Which of the following people is most likely to suffer from cirrhosis?

A

An obese man with an alcohol

BIO 107 (4 decks)

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