Midterm 1 (CH. 2,3)

Question 1

Which chemical condition describes the electrons in a water molecule being shared unequally between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms?

Answer 1

Polar

Question 2

Which monomer units combine to form nucleic acids?

Answer 2

Nucleotides

Question 3

What protein fibers help form the framework of structural support for cells?

Answer 3

Cytoskeletal Elements

Question 4

What is diffusion?

Answer 4

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 5

What is the ability of living things to maintain a relatively constant internal environment?

Answer 5

Homeostasis

Question 6

What is Pinocytosis?

Answer 6

Bulk transport of liquids

Question 7

What is Phagocytosis?

Answer 7

Bulk transport of solids

Question 8

Which macromolecule has a sugar-phosphate backbone?

Answer 8

Nucleic acid

Question 9

Why is carbon often involved in chemical bonding?

Answer 9

It can form ionic bonds with 4 other elements

Question 10

What does “hydrophobic” mean?

Answer 10

Repelled by water

Question 11

What term describes the interior of a phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 11

Hydrophobic

Question 12

Although viruses are extremely small, they are too large to enter a cell by passive transport. Which process brings viruses into a host cell?

Answer 12

Endocytosis

Question 13

What is the main purpose of the smooth ER?

Answer 13

Makes lipids, detoxifies substances, makes membrane (through lipids made)

Question 14

Which organelle is a network of membranes involved in the production of proteins?

Answer 14

Rough ER

Question 15

Assume that a plant is suffering from drought and is beginning to wilt. Which cell component is most likely being affected, and what type of molecule is being lost from this structure?

Answer 15

Vacuole, water

Question 16

What is an example of a micronutrient?

Answer 16

Potassium

Question 17

What are the main macronutrients?

Answer 17

Carbs, fats, proteins, water

Question 18

How would the permeability of the phospholipid bilayer of plasma membranes be described?

Answer 18

Differentially/semi-permeable

Question 19

Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Answer 19

Chloroplasts

Question 20

In which eukaryotic cell structure are ribosomes made?

Answer 20

Nucleolus

Question 21

How would amino acids and calcium ions from the bloodstream move across a plasma membrane?

Answer 21

Facilitated diffusion

Question 22

Which organelle performs cellular respiration?

Answer 22

Mitochondrion

Question 23

What monomers combine to form nucleic acids?

Answer 23

Nucleotides

Question 24

What kind of bonds connect complementary DNA strands at the nitrogen bases?

Answer 24

Hydrogen bonds

Question 25

Which organelle is a stack of membranous sacs that modifies and sends proteins to proper destinations?

Answer 25

Golgi apparatus

Question 26

What is the liquid interior of the chloroplast called?

Answer 26

Stroma

Question 27

Which process does not involve molecules moving across cell membranes?

Answer 27

Hydrogenation

Question 28

Which molecule requires the most ATP to be used for moving across a plasma membrane?

Answer 28

An ion moving against its concentration gradient

Question 29

Which substance uses a transport protein to pass through a plasma membrane?

Answer 29

Calcium ions

Question 30

Imagine a balloon is made from a membrane that's permeable to water but not sugar molecules. How would the balloon be affected if it is filled with a 50% sugar solution and then placed in a beaker of water?

Answer 30

The balloon would get larger as it gains water.

Question 31

What type of electric charge do protons carry?

Answer 31

Positive

Question 32

Why is oxygen considered highly electronegative?

Answer 32

It pulls electrons towards itself

Question 33

Which type of lipid includes sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen?

Answer 33

Steroids

Question 34

Why is fiber important for a healthy diet?

Answer 34

Fiber helps maintain healthy cholesterol levels

Question 35

What happens to excess protein in the body?

Answer 35

It is stored as fat

Question 36

What is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?

Answer 36

Nuclear envelope

Question 37

The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.

Answer 37

Chromatin

Question 38

What manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?

Answer 38

Rough ER

Question 39

Where is calcium stored?

Answer 39

Smooth ER

Question 40

What bonds connect strands of DNA to each other?

Answer 40

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 41

What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Answer 41

Stabilization of phospholipids

Question 42

Where is a bacteria cell's DNA found?

Answer 42

Nucleoid region

Question 43

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

Answer 43

Lysosome

Question 44

Why are non-covalent interactions crucial for enzyme function?

Answer 44

They allow reversible binding and stabilization of the substrate for catalysis

Question 45

A hydroxyl functional group is represented by:

Answer 45

-OH