Midterm 2 (CH. 4,5,6,7)

Question 1

Which person might have a high basal metabolic rate?

Answer 1

A 35-year old male fitness trainer

Question 2

What type of chemical energy powers your brain cells?

Answer 2

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 3

How does ATP provide energy to a cell?

Answer 3

It loses a phosphate group, releasing energy in the process

Question 4

Which molecule powers the chemical work within cells?

Answer 4

ATP

Question 5

Which process provides the carbon dioxide you exhale?

Answer 5

aerobic respiration

Question 6

What type of metabolic pathway requires oxygen?

Answer 6

aerobic

Question 7

River water piped through dams rushes past turbines in hydroelectric plants to create electricity. Which metabolic process relates to this analogy?

Answer 7

the passage of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase to make ADP into ATP

Question 8

Which molecules are required by the body but are not metabolized to produce ATP?

Answer 8

minerals

Question 9

If necessary, our muscles can rely on an anaerobic (fermentative) pathway to metabolize glucose, but this can only last a short period of time. Why can’t our cells survive very long under such anaerobic conditions?

Answer 9

Fermentation doesn’t extract enough ATP from glucose to sustain our energy-craving cells

Question 10

What happens to an ATP molecule after it has released a phosphate?

Answer 10

It is phosphorylated and becomes ADP

Question 11

How do cancer cells differ from normal cells?

Answer 11

Cancer cells invade surrounding tissues

Question 12

During which phase in the cell cycle is DNA duplicated?

Answer 12

Interphase

Question 13

What outcome may result if a gene encoding a protein that regulates at the G1 checkpoint is mutated?

Answer 13

Tumors will develop

Question 14

Why does chemotherapy cause hair loss?

Answer 14

Because hair follicles divide rapidly, like cancer cells

Question 15

Consider a strand of DNA with the sequence AGTTCGATT. What is the sequence of the complementary strand?

Answer 15

TCAAGCTAA

Question 16

Which description is characteristic of DNA?

Answer 16

Complementary nucleotides are held together by hydrogen bonds.

Question 17

What is the correct order of events in the cell cycle?

Answer 17

G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis

Question 18

During which process would a cell plate form?

Answer 18

cytokinesis in a plant cell

Question 19

During which phase of mitosis are the replicated chromosome aligned in the middle of the cell?

Answer 19

metaphase

Question 20

What are the members of a pair of nonsex chromosomes?

Answer 20

homologous chromosomes

Question 21

What are the different versions of the same gene?

Answer 21

alleles

Question 22

Which statement describes human sperm or egg cells?

Answer 22

They have one copy of each chromosome

Question 23

What type of normal human cell contains 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome?

Answer 23

Sperm cell

Question 24

How does crossing over increase genetic diversity?

Answer 24

Crossing over exchanges genes between homologous pairs

Question 25

Which is a 'metabolic taxicab' that shuttles electrons?

Answer 25

NADH, FADH2, NADP

Question 26

Which process will follow glycolysis if oxygen is not available?

Answer 26

Fermentation

Question 27

What are the largest reservoirs of CO2 on earth?

Answer 27

the oceans

Question 28

Which chloroplast structure increases the amount of surface area that is available for photosynthesis?

Answer 28

Thylakoids

Question 29

What is the first step of photosynthesis

Answer 29

Light reactions

Question 30

What energy molecule is produced during the light reactions and helps to power the Calvin cycle?

Answer 30

ATP

Question 31

Which process provides the carbon dioxide you exhale?

Answer 31

aerobic respiration

Question 32

What is the region in the middle of a replicated chromosome that connects sister chromatids?

Answer 32

centromere

Question 33

During which part of mitosis does the nuclear envelope break down?

Answer 33

prophase

Question 34

During which process would a cell plate form?

Answer 34

cytokinesis in a plant cell

Question 35

In which phase of the cell cycle are cells most often found?

Answer 35

interphase

Question 36

What is the relationship between proto-oncogens and oncogenes?

Answer 36

- proto-oncogens may develop in cancer causing oncogenes as a result of a mutation

Question 37

When do sister chromatids separate?

Answer 37

Mitosis and meiosis II

Question 38

What are CAM plants?

Answer 38

plants specialized to capture CO2 at night when temperatures are cooler

Question 39

Which is found both in cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Answer 39

Electron Transport Chain

Question 40

During the first step of the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide combines with __________ to form a 6-carbon sugar.

Answer 40

RuBP

Question 41

What secretes progesterone after the egg cell is released?

Answer 41

Corpus luteum

Question 42

What is pleiotropy?

Answer 42

The ability of a single gene to cause multiple effects on an individual’s phenotype

Question 43

In cattle, coat color is an example of codominance, with red color (R1R1), white color (R2R2), and roan color (R1R2). A cross between a white cow and a red bull will result in?

Answer 43

all roan cattle (mix of red and white)