Midterm 3 (Ch. 8,9,10) Flashcards
What are genes that are located on the same chromosome and move together to the same gamete?
Linked
Half of the gametes produced by an organism with the genotype Aa will receive the A allele, while half will receive the a allele. What process produces such results?
Segregation
Which process creates new alleles to affect genetic diversity in a population?
Mutation
When a recessive allele is associated with a genetic disease in humans, what would heterozygotes be considered?
Carriers
Cystic fibrosis is caused by the allele f, which is completely recessive to the normal dominant allele F. Consider a couple who both have the genotype Ff. What is the chance that their second child will develop cystic fibrosis?
25%
In humans, straight thumbs are caused by the dominant allele T, while individuals who are tt have thumbs that curve backward (“hitchhiker’s thumb”). Consider a family in which the father has straight thumbs, and both the mother and their only child have curved thumbs. What is the chance that their next child will have curved thumbs?
50%
What factor(s) typically influence a trait that shows continuous variation?
both genetic and environmental factors
What pattern of inheritance results when the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between both homozygotes?
incomplete dominance
A woman with type AB blood and a man with type O blood have a child. Which type of blood could the child have?
type A or type B
What is the ability of a gene to cause multiple effects on a phenotype?
Pleiotropy
Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive allele causing a blood disorder. What are the chances that a daughter of a normal man and a woman, who is heterozygous for the disease, will have hemophilia?
0%
Which offspring will receive a harmful allele for a sex-linked trait from a man who carries the allele?
all of his daughters
What process copies a sequence of DNA nucleotides into a complementary sequence of RNA nucleotides?
transcription
Which molecule is not directly involved in the process of translation?
DNA
Which molecule serves as the template during translation?
mRNA
What type of mutation produces no significant change in a functional protein?
neutral/silent mutation
What molecular structure is used by geneticists to insert foreign DNA into a recipient bacterial cell that will replicate the foreign DNA?
plasmid
If parents with genotypes Gg have one child with a recessive genetic disorder, gg, what is the chance that their second child will develop the genetic disorder?
25%
What term describes a trait that is controlled by many genes?
Polygenic
If purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p) in pea plants, which cross would produce only purple flowers in the offspring?
PPxPP
