Midterm 4 Flashcards
Why is the relationship between sport and socialization reciprical?
- Sport attracts individuals with certain skills, interests and values
- Sport is a socializing force that can provide skills that carry into other aspects of life
What is Bandura’s social learning theory?
Socialization occurs as a result of vicarious learning (through watching and imitation)
When does sport socialization usually begin?
Early childhood
- playing games with rules as a kid
Who is the dominant influence on sport choices in early childhood?
Parents
- mothers have great influence on daughters
- fathers have great influence on sons and daughters
Who has most influence on sport socialization in teenage years?
Peers, coaches and PE teachers
What is an example of a geographical/cultural factor in sport socialization?
Canada and winter sports
- cold weather dictates what sports can be played most of the year
Are sport benefits for disabled athletes different from able body athletes?
No
Who has the biggest influence over disabled athletes sport choices?
PE teaches and peers/friends
What are the factors influencing disabled athletes socialization into sport?
Same as able body athletes
- Social
- emotional
- Intellectual efforts
What determines if a disabled athlete is ready to compete?
Social and affective development
- not just physical attributes
What is the number one motivator of people?
Money $$$$
Does punishment work as a motivator?
By definition, yes. If it doesnt work it was not a punishment
Explain why people are motivated to avoid being socially punished..
People want to fit a certain societal image
Where does motivation come from?
- Survival
- Needs Acheivement - we want to not just do something but do it well
- Harders Competant Motivation Theory - behaviour is determined by a need to deal with the enviroment effectively **we want to feel competent
- Self Efficacy
What are the 2 types of hypnosis?
Hetero Hypnosis
Self Hypnosis
5 Phases of Hypnosis
- Preparation of Participant
- Induction process - where the hypnosis takes place
- The Hypnotic Phase
- Waking Up
- Post Hypnotic Phase
Health Belief Model
Avoidence Orientation - avoiding something bad happening
- people exercise because they believe its good for them
Theory of Reasoned Action
People who exercise tend to be influenced by attitude and social norms
- negative attitude towards something inpacts someones intention
What is Self Efficacy
Set of beliefs on capability to perform the necessary behaviours to achieve a desired outcome
What is the “keeping idle hands busy theory”?
People are thought to be happier when they are busy
Having unoccupied time is thought to be psych. and behaviourally detrimental
What is the “Need Compensation Theory”?
Leisure activities can be selected to compensate or satisfy unmet need
People compensate for negative aspects of their life through leisure
What is the “Personal Growth Theory”?
Opportunity for people to develop an idea of their strenghts and weaknesses
- to be come the person they want to be
What is self-actualization?
Developing full potential through expressing ones skills and talents in a personally fulfilling way
How much as the life expectancy increased in the last 100 years?
24.6 years
What are the most common activities for older people?
Walking
Gardening
At Home Exercise
What is motivation?
Internal processes such as needs, thoughts and emotions that give behavious energy and direction
In simple terms motivation is the reason we do the things we do
Motivated behaviour is understood through consideration of energy. Energy is linked to the…
intensity dimension of motivation
What is operant conditioning?
Behaviours and concequences are learned through reinforcement or punishment
What is vicarious conditioning?
Learning by watching others
eg. watching friends get benefits from PA will encourage you to start
What are operant strategies?
An example is self monitoring
- recording your behaviour (might be through and app) in specific situations
What are the three behavioural approaches?
Operant Conditioning
Vicarious Conditioning
Operant Strategies
What is the cognitive approach?
Understanding the role of thoughts and emotions in motivation
5 Phases of the Transtheoretical Model
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
What is the theory of planned behaviour?
Highlights the role of personal and social factors which influence behaviours
What are selective norms?
Percieved social pressures to perform certain behaviours
What are normative beliefs?
These reflect the beliefs of peers/family friends or health professionals
