Midterm 3 Flashcards
What is normal behavior theory?
An athlete should never try anything new before an important competition.
Should be done before practice/less important games
Benefits of pre-sport sex…
- Can aid in calming or relaxing leading to better performance
- Lowers stress and anxiety levels
- Potentially leads to better sleep
Possible outcomes of abstinence
Frustration leading to aggression
How many calories are burnt during sex?
25-50 - about the same amount as climbing 2 flights of stairs
2 types of positive self-talk
- Motivational (“keep going”)
- Instructional (“keep your head down”)
How does negative self-talk hinder performance?
Can get in the way because it is inappropriate, irrational, counterproductive or anxiety-producing
What is challenging self-talk?
- Combination of both positive and negative self-talk
- Used for motivation
“I can’t keep going, YES I can”
5 Uses of self-talk
- Motivation
- Skill acquisition (remind athletes of upcoming movements such as “knee, step, turn”)
- Breaking bad habits (reminder of proper technique to try and make response automatic)
- Initiating Action (cue to begin an action “GO”)
- Sustaining Effort (maintain effort when fatigue kicks in)
3 research findings on self-talk
- Positive self-talk can improve performance
- Negative self-talk can hinder performance
- Challenging talk can be positive or negative *key in high-performance environments
5 traits of effective communication for coaches
- Honesty
- Avoiding being defensive
- Being Consistent
- Showing empathy
- Respecting others
Generally accepted transition model
- Retirement is viewed as a transition process
- involves development throughout an individual’s life (NOT an abrupt end)
- continuous rather than a cessation of activities with a gradual alteration
4 Causes of Transition
- Age
- Deselection
- Injury
- Free choice
Reasons elite athletes have more difficulties with transition compared to high school/collegiate athletes
Usually due to:
- coping strategies
- perceptions of control
- self and social identities
- social support
- lack of pre-retirement planning
How to minimize transition difficulties
Integrate pre-retirement planning at the earliest stages of sport participation
Factors to consider for pre-retirement planning
- continuing education
- occupational and financial planning
- social networking
- finding a new focus
- keeping busy
- maintaining a PA plan
- stay in contact with the sport in some capacity
- seek support from family and friends
Psycho Dynamic Theory
- The belief that behavior results from instinct and unconscious drives
- Suggests humans are not always rational
Behaviorism theory
Based on the theory that the environment is the primary factor in personality development
People will engage in rational behavior
Humanistic theory
5 Categories of needs:
1. Physiological (food, water, sleep)
2. Safety
3. Love
4. Esteem
5. Self-actualization
In the form of a pyramid 1 (bottom), 5 (top)
2nd Trait that influences leisure choices
Agreeableness:
- Someone who is trustworthy and caring.
- More likely to like people and want to play with them
- Don’t care about the scoreboard
3rd Trait that influences leisure choices
Conscientiousness
- People who value work ethic and follow the rules
- Tend to go with “serious” leisure
4th Trait that influences leisure choices
Neuroticism
- People who are hostile and don’t play well with others
- Prefer activities they can dominate or compete against others
5th Trait that influences leisure choices
Open to Experience
- People who like to try new things
Why is sport considered a soap opera?
- Both encourage interactions with people
- Both have drama
- Both offer escapism
- Sport allows for male talk
- Sport offers men an avenue to discuss feelings
1st Trait that influences leisure choices
Introverts/Extroverts
