Midterm 3 - Lecture 19 Flashcards
What is FIAF?
Fasting-induced adipose factor
What reduces FIAF?
colonization of gut microbiota
What does FIAF do?
Inhibits lipoprotein lipase which is responsible for removing triglycerides from lipoproteins and allowing accumulation in adipose
What does colonization of gut microbiota remove?
Inhibition of LPL by FIAF
Does microbiota change in response to?
change in diet
What are the 4 proposed mechanisms for microbiota inducing obesity?
- increasing energy extraction from non-digestible food components
- inflammation
- altered expression of fasting induced adipose factor
- altered bile acid mechanism
What is the potential microbial contributions to inflammation as an explanation for insulin resistance?
- increased caloric consumption
- nutrient excess
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- pro-inflammatory signaling
- microbes impact desensitization of insulin receptor signaling (i.e. insulin resistance)
- metabolic syndrome = T2D, CVD, NASH
How do lipopolysaccharides get across the gut lumen?
- LPS found on outside of gram -ve bacteria; released in response to a fatty diet
- leaky gut, LPS gets into blood stream
- induces inflammation in the pancreas, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver
What is the hypothesis for bacteria-induced metabolic disease?
- high-fat diet
- change gut flora
- increased permeability
- increased LPS absorption
- increased endotoxemia
- inflammation
- metabolic disorders
When are endotoxin levels elevated?
- elevated in obesity
- elevated with high fat diet
- correlate to fat deposition and tissue inflammation
- injected endotoxin induces insulin resistance
What is NAFLD and NASH?
NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty livery disease
NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
