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ANSC 311 - Metabolic Physiology > Lecture 4 - Regulation > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

How does the gut sense?

A
  1. Chemoreceptors that sense change in: nutrient concentration, nutrient degradation products, osmotic pressure, pH
  2. Mechanoreceptors that sense wall stretch
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2
Q

Gut hormones

A
  • CCK
  • Gastrin
  • VIP
  • Secretin
  • GLP-1
  • GLP-2
  • Somatostatin
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3
Q

The master duodenal regulator

A

CCK
- matches nutrient delivery to digestive capacity

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4
Q

CCK

A
  • Gallbladder = contraction
  • Pancreas = acinar secretion
  • Stomach = reduce emptying
  • Sphincter of Oddi = relaxation
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5
Q

Gastrin

A

stimulates gastric secretion and mucosal growth

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6
Q

Secretin

A

pancreatic bicarbonate secretion

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7
Q

GIP

A

inhibits gastic secretion

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8
Q

Albumin

A
  • non-specifically binds several hydrophobic steroid hormones (grabs anything not picked up by a specific carrier)
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9
Q

GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide 1)

A
  • produced by L-cells in the ileum and colon in response to nutrients and SCFA
  • enhances insulin secretion by the pancrease
  • inhibits gastric emptying and motility
  • inactivated by DPP IV
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10
Q

GLP-2 (Glucagon-Like Peptide 2)

A
  • produced by L-cells in the ileum and colon in response to nutrients and SCFA
  • telling the gut to SLOWWW DOWN (increase proliferation, decrease apoptosis and permeability and motility
  • improves integrity of gut barrier
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11
Q

Ghrelin

A
  • hunger hormone
  • produces by cells lining the fundus of the stomach and epsilon cells of the pancreas
  • secreted when stomach is empty; acts on hypothalamus to increase hunger and increase gastric section and GIT motility
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12
Q

Factors regulating satiety

A
  1. GIT Factors
    - Stretch
    - CCK
    - Nutrient receptors in liver
    - PYY
    *through the vagus nerve, these signals act on the hindbrain which communicates with the hypothalamus
  2. Non-GIT Factors
    - Adipose; produces leptin that acts on hypothalamus
    - Pancreas: insulin
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13
Q

Leptin

A
  • secreted by adipocytes; acts on hypothalamus to reduce hunger
  • arcuate nucleus in hypothalamus has leptin receptors and will release neural signals to appetite centre
  • ways of affecting fat reserves: inhibits feeding, inhibits fat synthesis, stimulates beta-oxidation of fatty acids
  • stimulates sympathetic nervous system causing increase in blood pressure and HR
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14
Q

More and larger adipocytes =

A

more leptin

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15
Q

What do ghrelin, leptin and insulin all target?

A

Neurons in the arcuate nucleus
- POMC/CART drives ANOREXIC signal (decrease food intake)
- AgRP/NPY drives OREXIC signal (increase food intake)

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16
Q

Insulin

A
  • secreted by pancreas after a meal; suppresses appetite
17
Q

PYY

A
  • secreted by small intestine after meals
  • appetite suppressant that counters ghrelin

ANSC 311 - Metabolic Physiology (17 decks)

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