Midterm - 3&4

Question 1

Consciousness is defined as

Answer 1

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 2

The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called

Answer 2

Dual processing

Question 3

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously is called

Answer 3

Parallel processing

Question 4

The cocktail party effect provides an example of

Answer 4

Selective attention

Question 5

In two phone interview experiments, most participants failed to notice that the female interviewer to whom they were responding changed after the third question of the interview. The best illustrated

Answer 5

Change blindness

Question 6

At 3 o’clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of

Answer 6

REM sleep

Question 7

After flying from London to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by a disruption of his

Answer 7

Circadian rhythm

Question 8

Bats need a lot of sleep because their high waking metabolism produces ______ that are toxic to neurons

Answer 8

Free radicals

Question 9

Kara’s craving for psychoactive drugs is so strong that she is unable to function at work or maintain important relationships with her family. Kara most clearly shows symptoms of

Answer 9

Substance use disorder

Question 10

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called _____ drugs

Answer 10

Psychoactive

Question 11

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior is called

Answer 11

Withdrawal

Question 12

At about 8 months of age, infants across the world start to _____ strangers; as adults, they prefer the company of those whose attributes are _____ to their own

Answer 12

Fear; similar

Question 13

The study of the relative power and limits of generic and environmental influences on behavior is known as

Answer 13

Behavior genetics

Question 14

DNA is a complex

Answer 14

Molecule

Question 15

Twin and adoption studies have been most helpful for teasing apart the influences of

Answer 15

Nature and nurture

Question 16

Children in adoptive homes are _____ likely than average to experience parental neglect and abuse. They have typically grown up to be _____ altruistic than average

Answer 16

Less; more

Question 17

A child’s temperament is likely to be

Answer 17

Stable over time

Question 18

Heritability refers to the extent to which

Answer 18

Trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations

Question 19

A random error in a gene replication is known as a

Answer 19

Mutation

Question 20

For children from impoverished environments, stimulating educational experiences during early childhood are most likely to

Answer 20

Prevent the degeneration of activated connections between neurons

Question 21

Cultural diversity best illustrates our human

Answer 21

Adaptive capacities

Question 22

Norms are best described as

Answer 22

Rules for socially acceptable behavior

Question 23

Gender typing refers to the acquisition of

Answer 23

A traditional masculine or feminine role

Question 24

The school of thought in psychology that turned away from the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was

Answer 24

Behaviorism