Midterm - 1&2 Flashcards
The hindsight bias refers to people’s tendency to
Exaggerate their ability to have foreseen an outcome
Our tendency to believe we know more than we do best illustrates
Overconfidence
Six of the children in Mr. Myer’s class were born on exactly the same day. This strikes him as astonishing and improbable. In this instance, he should be reminded that
Random sequences of events often don’t look random
Three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are
Curiosity, skepticism, and humility
A hypothesis is a
Testable prediction that gives direction to research
To asses reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her school, Ariana sent a questionnaire to every fifteenth person in the registrars alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Ariana is ensuring that her survey results are accurate by using
Random assignment
Gamblers often throw dice gently for low numbers and hard for high numbers. This most directly illustrates
An illusion of control
Regression toward the mean refers to the tendency for
Unusual events to be followed by more ordinary events
If psychologists discovered that more intelligent parents have smarter children than less intelligent parents, this would demonstrate that
The intelligence of parents and children is positively correlated
Random assignment minimizes _____ between experimental and control groups. Random sampling minimizes _____ between a sample and a population
Differences; differences
Statistical reasoning can help us to generalize correctly from a
Sample to a population
The Ancient Greek philosopher Plato located the mind in the
Head
Phrenology highlighted the presumed functions of
Specific brain regions
Dr. Wolski conducts research on the potential relationship between neurotransmitter deficiencies and mood states. Dr. Wolski’s research focus is most characteristic of
The biological perspective
An axon is
The extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body
The resting potential of an axon results from the fact that an axon membrane is
Selectively permeable
Schizophrenia is most closely linked with an oversupply of the neurotransmitter
Dopamine
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ______ nervous systems
Peripheral
A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus called a
Reflex
At the age of 22, Mrs. LaBlanc was less than 4 feet tall. Her short stature was probably influenced by the lack of a growth hormone produced by the
Pituitary gland
Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a
Lesion
S. M. is a patient who has been called “the woman with no fear,” even of being threatened with a gun. Her fearlessness is best attributed to damage to her
Amygdala
The corpus callosum is a wide band of axon fibers that
Transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres
Mark meets briefly with applicants for positions in his company and relies on his immediate gut-level first impressions in deciding whether to offer them a job. Marks employment decisions are most clearly guided by
Intuition
