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drugs and human body > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

0
Q

Acute

A

Brief intense severe

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1
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of the manner in which function of living systems is affected by chemical agents

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2
Q

Chronic

A

Long lasting

Not severe

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3
Q

Carcinogenic

A

causes cancer

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4
Q

teratogenic

A

causing birth defects

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5
Q

euphoria

A

state of exaggerated well being

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6
Q

Peripheral

A

ay the extremities

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7
Q

Peristalsis

A

rhythmic motion of GI system in digestion

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8
Q

Syndrome

A

signs and symptoms associated with a disease

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9
Q

Synergistic

A

working together to give super addictive effects

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10
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormally fast HR

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11
Q

Bradycardia

A

slow HR

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12
Q

renal

A

pertaining to kidney

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13
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to internal organs

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14
Q

emetic

A

drug that induces vomiting

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15
Q

febrile

A

feverish

16
Q

antipyretic

A

drug that reduces fever

17
Q

analgesic

A

drug that reduces pain

18
Q

drug

A

absorbed substance that changes or enhances any physical or psychological function in the body

19
Q

three type of drugs produces withdrawal syndrome

A
  1. depressants ie. alcohol
  2. Opiates ie. herion
  3. stimulants ie. cocaine
20
Q

withdrawal syndrome

A

a crisis with varying degrees of physical and emotional severity, that accompany the abrupt removal of a drug on which the person has become dependent

21
Q

receptor site theory

A

drugs act as specific locations in tissue and organs

22
Q

agonist

A

a drug that fits in a receptor and causes a response

23
Q

antagonist

A

a drug which binds to a receptor site effectively excluding the binding of other substances

24
Q

where are drugs from

A
  • animals
  • plants
  • chemical synthesis
  • gene splicing
25
Q

difference between organic and inorganic

A

organic - carbon I inorganic - no carbon

26
Q

4 subcategories of hydrocarbons

A
  1. alkanes
  2. alkenes
  3. alkynes
  4. aromatics - contains 1+ benzene ring(s)
27
Q

2 types of lipoproteins

A
  1. HDL- high density lipoprotein; unsaturated fatty acids
    2.LDL- Low density lipoprotein; saturated fatty acids
    VLDL- very low density lipoprotein
28
Q

Lipitor

A

drug that treats high cholesterol (atorvastatin)

29
Q

What is the therapeutic index of a drug

A

TD50/ED50

30
Q

what are the 7 routes of administration of drugs:

A
  1. Oral ingestion
  2. Inhalation
  3. Parenteral administration
  4. Body Orifices
  5. Skin Application ->Transdermal (skin patch) Systems
  6. Implantable drug delivery
  7. Microsponge
31
Q

How do drugs get to their target?

A
  • enter the body, move through it, interact with their target, undergo elimination (Pharmacokinetics)
32
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A 
study of rates or drug concentration in the body
factors are: 
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism
- excretion
33
Q

blood brain barrier

A

fat soluble drug penetrate this more easily than water soluble materials
transport across the barrier is a complex biochemical process

34
Q

whats the intial metabolic effects on drugs

A
  1. hydrolysis- addition of h2o to cleve ester
  2. Chemically - linked to amino acid
  3. oxidation/ salt formation to become soluble
35
Q

effective dosage (ED50)

A

dose of a drug causes the desired effect in 50% of all test subjects

36
Q

toxic dose (TD50)

A

dose of a drug causes 50% of all test subjects to experience toxic effects

37
Q

therapeutic index

A

TI = TD50/ED50

if therapeutic index is high then its safe

38
Q

drug - drug interaction: 2 major types:

A
  1. Synergism- 2 drugs may act on each other to enhance each other’s effects
  2. Antagonistic (off setting)- stimulant effect on CNS, to nullify the effects of another drug

drugs and human body (8 decks)

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