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drugs and human body > Final Drug List > Flashcards

Final Drug List Flashcards

1
Q

Abilify

A

Prevents manic reoccurrence to treat bipolar

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2
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Antipyretic and analgesic but non-anti-inflammatory, (NSAID) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

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3
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter in parasympathic nerves: Slows HR Control voluntary muscles Contract involuntary muscles Keep CNS working as an integrated unit

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4
Q

Alcohol

A

A CNS depressant but act as a stimulant Oldest known synthetic drug

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5
Q

Ambien & lunesta

A

BDA sleep inducers

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6
Q

Alka seltzer

A

Antacid (neutralize stomach acid) and Relieves pain. OTC Drug

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7
Q

Androgel & Axiron

A

(low testosterone) – a hormone replacement therapy for men. side effects: ↑Heart attacks & Strokes

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8
Q

Antihistamine

A

a drug that inhibits the physiological effects on histamine, used to treat allergies

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9
Q

Atropine

A

general inhibitor of acetylcholine, treats overdose of organophate and carbamate, heart simulant

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10
Q

Aspirin

A

anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, analgesic, and antipyretic (fever lowering effects). From willow barks Chemical: Acetylsalicylic acid. NSAID) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

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11
Q

Barbiturates

A

minor tranquilizer, depresses respiration, abused

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12
Q

Beta-Blockers

A

treatment of hypertension, high BP, HR, chest pain

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13
Q

Bexarotene

A

oral anticancer drug; fights skin cancers (2012) BRAND: Targretin possible treatment to Alzheimer’s drug

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14
Q

Blood doping (EPO)

A

an anabolic protein, naturally in kidneys. gene splicing treat kidney failure. Increases the blood’s ability to supply oxygen (↑ RBC). Abuse: Athletes use to ↑ stamina in endurance sports. Side effects: thicken blood to dangerous level -> blood clots in vital organs

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15
Q

Caffeine

A

Excites CNS -> clearer thinking, increases sensitivity to stimuli & physical coordination. A vasodilator of the coronary arteries increased peripheral circulation & a Vasoconstrictor to blood vessels in the brain

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16
Q

Botox

A

analgesic, treats chronic migraines. botulinum toxin A; most toxic subtance. (NSAID) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

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17
Q

Champix Pfizer

A

varenicline (synthetic) stimulates nicotine receptors less strongly than nicotine -> reduce craving for nicotine (nicotine treatment)

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18
Q

Celebrex

A

anti-inflammatory, antipyretic & analgesic less stomach irritation than aspirin. NSAID) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

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19
Q

Chloroquine

A

treat malaria but many side effects, overdose fatal, malaria became resistance to it

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20
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

aesthetic, calms and reduces shock. humane methods of coping w/ psychotic behaviour. Treats schizophrenia

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21
Q

Cocaine

A

coca bush. stimulant, analgesic intense euphoria -> addictive.

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22
Q

Colchicine

A

alkaloid (contain Nitrogen) used to treat Gout

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23
Q

Corticosteroid (cortisone)

A

anti-inflammatory steroids produced in adrenal cortex

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24
Q

Cortisone

A

(natural) controls glucose production in cell, reduce inflammation in joints & other tissues

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25
Q

Creatine

A

an aa, produces creatine phosphate, used to convert ADP to ATP. Treats ALS (degenerative muscle disease).

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26
Q

Crestor

A

cholesterol lowering, contains fluorine

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27
Q

Digitalis

A

cardio active steroid from foxglove plant

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28
Q

Dig(it)oxin

A

heart stimulant, TI = 2 small margin between effectiveness and toxicity. Dangerous interaction w/antibiotics and adrenaline.

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29
Q

Dopamine

A

behavioural stability, voluntary muscle coordination, memory, emotions.neurotransmitter

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30
Q

Equanil

A

minor tranquillizer with a propanediol structure, lower TI than BDA’s

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31
Q

Fentanyl

A

analgesic/anaesthetic in surgery, less nausea than morphine and codeine, stronger than morphine, abused. Believed to bind with all opiate receptors

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32
Q

GABA

A

(Gamma Amino Butyric Acid) inhibitory/mood modulating. Can bind with BDA drugs; minor tranquillers

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33
Q

Gossypol

A

reduces sperm count, no effect on sex hormones, side effects: might cannot be irreversible; nausea, loss in appetite.

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34
Q

Growth Hormones (HGH)

A

anabolic aa, treat idiopathic short stature. Abused by athletes to build competitive bodies. Side effect: brain tumour

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35
Q

Heroin

A

analgesic, euphoria, stupor, addictive: 1st synthesized from morphine

36
Q

Halcion

A

minor tranquilizer, sleeping pills, half-life of 3 hrs, teratogenic

37
Q

Hot Hormone

A

HRT for women. Estrone isolated from PMU has similar activity as estradiol (the principal human estrogen).

38
Q

Librium

A

Dr. Leo Sternbach -> Hofmann La Roche (1954), a minor tranquillizers. a BDA treats anxiety and alcoholism

39
Q

H2 Blockers

A

suppress stomach acid before heartburn, blocks histamine receptor (H2 site) promotes production of stomach acid

40
Q

Ibuprofen

A

anti-inflammatory, antipyretic & analgesic, NSAID) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

41
Q

Lidocaine & Procaine

A

cut street cocaine, are cheap

42
Q

Lipitor

A

Bruce Roth (1985), treats high cholesterol by biosynthesis cholesterol and stabilizes plaque in blood so cholesterol doesn’t go in arteries, contains fluorine

43
Q

Lithium Carbonate

A

John Cade (1949), treats the manic phase by stabilizing mood swings, but doesn’t cure, low TI, lowers serum calcium levels, treats bipolar

44
Q

L-DOPA

A

biogenetic precursor to dopamine: just a COOH extra: Decarboxylation. Can cross the Blood-brain barrier while dopamine can’t

45
Q

LSD

A

(Lysergic acid Diethyamide) Albert Hofmann, hallucinogen, blocks serotonin receptors in the brain -> limiting serotonin activity. Increases the effect of norepinephrine -> CNS stimulation. Increased HR & BP

46
Q

Marijuana

A

cannabis, most commonly use illegal drug. TI =1000. Release Tetrahydrocannabinol (a fat soluble chemical responsible for the psychological effects)

47
Q

Maalox

A

Contains Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2. Used for people on low sodium diets (blood pressure patients). OTC drug

48
Q

MDA

A

an amphetamine eliciting a sensual, euphoria → MDMA (Ecstacy) last 4-8 hrs.

49
Q

Mescaline

A

hallucinogen compound extracted from peyote mushrooms

50
Q

Methadone

A

help heroin addicts has a 24hr half life, an opioid, used for addiction therapy but addictive

51
Q

Miltown

A

minor tranquillizer with a prepanediol structure, lower TI than BDA’s

52
Q

Morphine and codeine

A

narcotic analgesics, extracted from opium poppies, depressant cough centre in the medulla oblongata

53
Q

Naloxone

A

treat heroin overdoses; binds to the opiate receptor more strongly than heroin

54
Q

Nicorette

A

anti-smoking chewing gum (contains: nicotine bound to an ion exchange resin)

55
Q

Naproxen

A

anti-inflammatory, antipyretic & analgesic. Treats arthritis and other inflammation. NSAID) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

56
Q

Nicotine

A

CNS stimulant, release dopamine from the brain> stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete adrenaline. Respiration & HR, BP increase.

57
Q

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

A

neurotransmitters but epinephrine stronger than norepinephrine. Stimulant heart contractions, Increase BP. 2 types of receptors: 1.Alpha: relaxation of smooth muscles around bronchial tubes ease breathing 2.Beta receptors: increase in heart activity

58
Q

Novocaine

A

anaesthetic used in dentistry

59
Q

Oxycontins

A

pain reliever; blocks signals to pain receptors in brain derived from morphine, abused and an opioid agonist

60
Q

Paxil

A

anti-depressant, for post-dramatic stress disorders (SSRI)

61
Q

PCP (phenylcyclohexylpiperidine)

A

abused, a depressant/stimulant/hallucinogen/convulsant/anaesthetic -> unpredictable> most dangerous drug. Depresses respiration & HR & violence

62
Q

Penicillin

A

Alexander Fleming (1928), antibiotic component Phenylpropanolamine – a Sympathomimetics (drug imitate effects of sympathetic nervous system functions)

63
Q

Phytoestrogens

A

produced by plants, ingested to mimic w/ estrogenic hormones in animals. Side effects: some pollutants present can cause breast cancer. HRT for women.

64
Q

Prednisone

A

(synthetic) reduce inflammation in joints & other tissues

65
Q

Premarin

A

a hormone replacement therapy for women, is a mix of estrogen like compounds.

66
Q

Progestins

A

birth control; stop ovulation, control estrogen, Combination Pill: Progestin and estrogen

67
Q

Prozac

A

anti-depressant, treats depression and anxiety (SSRI), increased serotonin in brain by preventing reuptake

68
Q

Quaalude

A

sedative hypnotic, depress the CNS; reduce HR, respiration and muscular coordination. Psychological: release inhibitions, relaxation, euphoria, and confidence -> aphrodisiac (drug that stimulates sexual desire/ excitement)

69
Q

Quinine

A

malaria treatment. inhibits parasite’s heme polymerase; an alkaloid, antipyretic, anti-flammatory, anti-smallpox.

70
Q

Rohypnol

A

(date rape drug) produce drunk feeling. A BDA; minor tranquillizer

71
Q

RU-486

A

steroid, disintegrates uterine lining -> fetus starves & dies, mimics miscarriage

72
Q

Scopolamine

A

sedative, known as the truth drug

73
Q

Seretide

A

anti-asthma, contains fluorine

74
Q

Seroquel

A

prevents both reoccurrences and is a treatment for acute depression and mania. Treats bipolar

75
Q

Serotonin

A

mood, appetite, sensory perception, sleep, and body temperature

76
Q

Steroids

A

human cholesterol w/ a common tetracyclic structure and a variety of physiological functions depending on functional group arrangement.

77
Q

Taxol

A

anti cancer drug from yew tree now synthesized.

78
Q

Tetracycline

A

respiratory antibiotic

79
Q

Teurine

A

energy drinks; Muscle fatigue; bodybuilding: w/ creatine & anabolic steroids. Lowers BP, aggressive behaviour when abused.

80
Q

Thyroxine

A

regulates growth and metabolism from thyroid gland

81
Q

Tryptophan

A

aa, converted to serotonin in the body. Induces sleep.

82
Q

Vallium

A

A BDA; minor tranquillizer, Hofmann La Roche product (1963)

83
Q

Wellbutrin (Zyban)

A

anti-depressant, treats nicotine withdrawal symptoms

84
Q

Vioxx

A

anti-inflammatory, antipyretic & analgesic, (NSAID) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

85
Q

Zoloft

A

anti-depressant, used to help PMS (SSRI)

drugs and human body (8 decks)

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