midterm #2 review

Question 1

angi/o

Answer 1

vessel

Question 2

brachi/o

Answer 2

arm

Question 3

phleb/o

Answer 3

vein

Question 4

Sphygm/o

Answer 4

pulse

Question 5

Cyan/o

Answer 5

blue

Question 6

Superior Vena Cava

Answer 6

carries un-oxygenated blood from the upper half of the body into the right atrium

Question 7

atria

Answer 7

what is the name for the upper two chambers of the heart

Question 8

Ventricle

Answer 8

a chamber of the heart which receives blood from an atrium and from which blood is forced into the arteries.

Question 9

Inferior Vena Cava

Answer 9

carries un-oxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into right atrium

Question 10

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 10

hardening of an artery with collection of fatty plaque

Question 11

Arterial anastomosis

Answer 11

new surgical connection between two arteries

Question 12

Aortic Stenosis

Answer 12

narrowing of the aorta

Question 13

Diastole

Answer 13

the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood.

Question 14

murmur

Answer 14

extrasound between normal beats. A heart murmur is a blowing, whooshing, or rasping sound heard during a heartbeat.

Question 15

systole

Answer 15

the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries.

Question 16

Normal Sinus Rhythm

Answer 16

the rhythm that originates from the sinus node and describes the characteristic rhythm of the healthy human heart.

Question 17

Aorta

Answer 17

largest artery in the body and the main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system.

Question 18

pulmonary artery

Answer 18

blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood from the right side of your heart to your lungs.

Question 19

brachial artery

Answer 19

the main vessel supplying blood to the muscles in your upper arm and elbow joint. It’s often used to measure your blood pressure.

Question 20

femoral artery

Answer 20

a large blood vessel that provides oxygenated blood to lower extremity structures and in part to the lower anterior abdominal wall.

Question 21

Arterioles

Answer 21

a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries. They control your blood pressure and blood flow throughout your body

Question 22

Veins

Answer 22

Veins are blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood to your heart.

Question 23

Capillaries

Answer 23

your smallest blood vessel. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells

Question 23

Arteries

Answer 23

largest type of Artery and they distribute oxygen-rich blood to your body.

Question 24

EKG QRS wave

Answer 24

The QRS complex represents the depolarization of ventricles. It shows the beginning of systole and ventricular contraction.

Question 25

Path of blood in heart

Answer 25

Blood comes into the right atrium from the body, moves into the right ventricle and is pushed into the pulmonary arteries in the lungs. After picking up oxygen, the blood travels back to the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, to the left ventricle and out to the body’s tissues through the aorta.

Question 26

Varicose Veins

Answer 26

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins. Varicose veins can happen anywhere in the body, but are more common in the legs

Question 27

Intermittent Claudication (IC)

Answer 27

Intermittent claudication (IC) typically refers to lower extremity skeletal muscle pain that occurs during exercise. IC presents when there is insufficient oxygen delivery to meet the metabolic requirements of the skeletal muscles.

Question 28

Raynaud’s

Answer 28

Raynaud’s phenomenon is a problem that causes decreased blood flow to the fingers. In some cases, it also causes less blood flow to the ears, toes, nipples, knees, or nose.

Question 29

Hypertension

Answer 29

high blood pressure

Question 30

after oxygen-poor blood enters the heart from the venae cavae, where does it go next

Answer 30

right atrium

Question 31

Vasoconstriction

Answer 31

the narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels by small muscles in their walls.

Question 32

Auscultation

Answer 32

Auscultation is listening to the internal sounds of the chest and abdomen with a stethoscope

Question 33

Vasodilation

Answer 33

the dilatation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure.

Question 34

Endarterectomy

Answer 34

surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery

Question 35

Enzymes

Answer 35

chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances

Question 36

Nitroglycerin

Answer 36

It dilates coronary arteries so that more blood flows to the heart muscle

Question 37

Protein

Answer 37

Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.

Question 38

Lipids

Answer 38

fatty compounds that perform a variety of functions in your body.

Question 39

Defibrillation

Answer 39

brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias (abnormal or irregular heart beat)

Question 40

Stress Test

Answer 40

exercise tolerance test is used to determine the hearts response to physical exertion

Question 41

Thallium 201 Scan

Answer 41

thallium 201 is injected though veins to allow for myocardial perfusion and asses damage to heart muscle from heart attacks

Question 42

Echocardiography

Answer 42

sound waves are used to image the structure of the heart

Question 43

Coronary artery bypass grafting

Answer 43

a medical procedure to improve blood flow to the heart

Question 44

phag/o

Answer 44

eat; swallow

Question 45

hemat/o

Answer 45

blood

Question 46

kary/o

Answer 46

nucleus

Question 46

Myel/o

Answer 46

bone marrow

Question 47

-emia

Answer 47

blood condition

Question 48

-poiesis

Answer 48

formation

Question 48

Plasma

Answer 48

liquid portion of blood containg proteins, water, salts, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and vitamins. Makes up 55% of blood

Question 49

Hemoglobin

Answer 49

blood protein containing iron, carries oxygen in red blood cells

Question 50

Erythropoietin

Answer 50

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate red blood cell production in bone marrow

Question 51

Serum

Answer 51

plasma minus clotting proteins and clotting cells

Question 52

Erythrocytes

Answer 52

red blood cells

Question 53

Myeloblast

Answer 53

immature bone marrow cell that gives rise to granulocytes

Question 53

Leukocytes

Answer 53

white blood cells

Question 54

Platelets

Answer 54

clotting cells

Question 55

Anticoagulant

Answer 55

substance that prevents blood clotting

Question 56

Purpura

Answer 56

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin caused by deficiency of clotting cells (causes purple colored spots on your skin)

Question 57

Hemophilia

Answer 57

hereditary disease of blood clotting failure with abnormal bleeding

Question 58

Dyscrasia

Answer 58

blood disease

Question 58

Anemia

Answer 58

blood condition of reduction in erythrocytes or hemoglobbin

Question 59

Rh Factor

Answer 59

antigen on red blood cells of RH positive individuals

Question 60

Hematocrit

Answer 60

percentage of red blood cells in a given volume of blood

Question 61

Thrombin

Answer 61

enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulant

Question 62

Fibrin

Answer 62

protein threads the form the basis of a blood clot

Question 63

Stem Cell

Answer 63

un-specialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. A hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells ( a cell that can become many specific type of cells)

Question 64

Reticulocyte

Answer 64

immature erythrocyte, a network of strands is seen after staining the cell with special dye

Question 65

Sideropenia

Answer 65

deficiency of iron in the blood

Question 65

Macrophage

Answer 65

large phagocyte cells migrating from the blood into all tissues to fight disease

Question 66

Leukemia

Answer 66

blood condition of high numbers of malignant (cancerous) white blood cells

Question 67

Apheresis

Answer 67

withdrawal and separation of blood elements

Question 68

capn/o

Answer 68

carbon dioxide

Question 69

Ortho/o

Answer 69

straight

Question 70

-osmia

Answer 70

odor; smell

Question 70

phren/o

Answer 70

diaphragm

Question 70

rhin/o

Answer 70

nose

Question 71

-pnea

Answer 71

breathing

Question 71

Asthma

Answer 71

chronic inflammatory disorder, with airway obstruction due to bronchiolar edema, constriction, and increased mucus production

Question 72

COPD

Answer 72

a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems.

Question 73

Emphysema

Answer 73

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

Question 73

Pneumonia

Answer 73

acute inflammation and infection of the alveoli of the lungs

Question 74

Pleural Cavity

Answer 74

space bewteen the layers of the pleura

Question 75

Parietal pleura

Answer 75

outer layer of the pleura lying closets to the chest wall

Question 76

Mediastinum

Answer 76

centrally located place outside of and between the lungs in the thoracic cavity

Question 76

Pulmonary Parenchyma

Answer 76

essential parts of the lungs responsible for repiration; bronchioles and alveoli

Question 77

Epistaxis

Answer 77

nose bleed

Question 78

Trachea

Answer 78

windpipe

Question 79

Pharynx

Answer 79

throat

Question 80

Pleura

Answer 80

double layered membrane surrounding each lung

Question 81

Cilia

Answer 81

thin hairs that are attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining passageways in the body

Question 82

Glottis

Answer 82

slit-like opening between the vocal cords of the larynx

Question 83

Hilum

Answer 83

hollow in the surface of an organ, such as the kidney and the lung. It is the area where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the organ

Question 84

Epiglottis

Answer 84

a flap of cartilage that prevents drinks and food from going down the windpipe

Question 85

Nares

Answer 85

openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities

Question 86

Larynx

Answer 86

voice box

Question 87

Diaphragm

Answer 87

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The diaphragm moves up and down aiding in breathing

Question 88

Paranasal Sinus

Answer 88

air-filled extensions of the nasal cavity in the bones near the nose

Question 89

Thoracotomy

Answer 89

incision of the chest

Question 90

Tonsillectomy

Answer 90

removal of tonsils

Question 91

Thoracoscopy

Answer 91

visual examination of the chest using small incision and an endoscope

Question 92

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 92

clot or material from a distant vein that blocks a blood vessel in the lung

Question 92

Thoracentesis

Answer 92

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest

Question 93

Pneumothorax

Answer 93

collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity between the pleura

Question 94

Croup

Answer 94

acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx( voice box), accompanied by barking, coughing, and stridor

Question 95

Stridor

Answer 95

strained, high-pitched sound heard on inhalation causes by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

Question 96

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 96

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions on the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

Question 97

coni/o

Answer 97

dust

Question 98

The term for essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration

Answer 98

pulmonary parenchyma

Question 99

what is a surgical puncture of the chest to remove fluid from the plueral space

Answer 99

thoracentesis