midterm #2 review Flashcards
angi/o
vessel
brachi/o
arm
phleb/o
vein
Sphygm/o
pulse
Cyan/o
blue
Superior Vena Cava
carries un-oxygenated blood from the upper half of the body into the right atrium
atria
what is the name for the upper two chambers of the heart
Ventricle
a chamber of the heart which receives blood from an atrium and from which blood is forced into the arteries.
Inferior Vena Cava
carries un-oxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into right atrium
Arteriosclerosis
hardening of an artery with collection of fatty plaque
Arterial anastomosis
new surgical connection between two arteries
Aortic Stenosis
narrowing of the aorta
Diastole
the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood.
murmur
extrasound between normal beats. A heart murmur is a blowing, whooshing, or rasping sound heard during a heartbeat.
systole
the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries.
Normal Sinus Rhythm
the rhythm that originates from the sinus node and describes the characteristic rhythm of the healthy human heart.
Aorta
largest artery in the body and the main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system.
pulmonary artery
blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood from the right side of your heart to your lungs.
brachial artery
the main vessel supplying blood to the muscles in your upper arm and elbow joint. It’s often used to measure your blood pressure.
femoral artery
a large blood vessel that provides oxygenated blood to lower extremity structures and in part to the lower anterior abdominal wall.
Arterioles
a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries. They control your blood pressure and blood flow throughout your body
Veins
Veins are blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood to your heart.
Capillaries
your smallest blood vessel. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells
Arteries
largest type of Artery and they distribute oxygen-rich blood to your body.
EKG QRS wave
The QRS complex represents the depolarization of ventricles. It shows the beginning of systole and ventricular contraction.
Path of blood in heart
Blood comes into the right atrium from the body, moves into the right ventricle and is pushed into the pulmonary arteries in the lungs. After picking up oxygen, the blood travels back to the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, to the left ventricle and out to the body’s tissues through the aorta.
Varicose Veins
Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins. Varicose veins can happen anywhere in the body, but are more common in the legs
Intermittent Claudication (IC)
Intermittent claudication (IC) typically refers to lower extremity skeletal muscle pain that occurs during exercise. IC presents when there is insufficient oxygen delivery to meet the metabolic requirements of the skeletal muscles.
Raynaud’s
Raynaud’s phenomenon is a problem that causes decreased blood flow to the fingers. In some cases, it also causes less blood flow to the ears, toes, nipples, knees, or nose.
Hypertension
high blood pressure
after oxygen-poor blood enters the heart from the venae cavae, where does it go next
right atrium
Vasoconstriction
the narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels by small muscles in their walls.
Auscultation
Auscultation is listening to the internal sounds of the chest and abdomen with a stethoscope
Vasodilation
the dilatation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure.
Endarterectomy
surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery
Enzymes
chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances
Nitroglycerin
It dilates coronary arteries so that more blood flows to the heart muscle
Protein
Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.
Lipids
fatty compounds that perform a variety of functions in your body.
Defibrillation
brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias (abnormal or irregular heart beat)
Stress Test
exercise tolerance test is used to determine the hearts response to physical exertion
Thallium 201 Scan
thallium 201 is injected though veins to allow for myocardial perfusion and asses damage to heart muscle from heart attacks
Echocardiography
sound waves are used to image the structure of the heart
Coronary artery bypass grafting
a medical procedure to improve blood flow to the heart
phag/o
eat; swallow
hemat/o
blood
kary/o
nucleus
Myel/o
bone marrow
-emia
blood condition
-poiesis
formation
Plasma
liquid portion of blood containg proteins, water, salts, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and vitamins. Makes up 55% of blood
Hemoglobin
blood protein containing iron, carries oxygen in red blood cells
Erythropoietin
hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate red blood cell production in bone marrow
Serum
plasma minus clotting proteins and clotting cells
Erythrocytes
red blood cells
Myeloblast
immature bone marrow cell that gives rise to granulocytes
Leukocytes
white blood cells
Platelets
clotting cells
Anticoagulant
substance that prevents blood clotting
Purpura
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin caused by deficiency of clotting cells (causes purple colored spots on your skin)
Hemophilia
hereditary disease of blood clotting failure with abnormal bleeding
Dyscrasia
blood disease
Anemia
blood condition of reduction in erythrocytes or hemoglobbin
Rh Factor
antigen on red blood cells of RH positive individuals
Hematocrit
percentage of red blood cells in a given volume of blood
Thrombin
enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulant
Fibrin
protein threads the form the basis of a blood clot
Stem Cell
un-specialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. A hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells ( a cell that can become many specific type of cells)
Reticulocyte
immature erythrocyte, a network of strands is seen after staining the cell with special dye
Sideropenia
deficiency of iron in the blood
Macrophage
large phagocyte cells migrating from the blood into all tissues to fight disease
Leukemia
blood condition of high numbers of malignant (cancerous) white blood cells
Apheresis
withdrawal and separation of blood elements
capn/o
carbon dioxide
Ortho/o
straight
-osmia
odor; smell
phren/o
diaphragm
rhin/o
nose
-pnea
breathing
Asthma
chronic inflammatory disorder, with airway obstruction due to bronchiolar edema, constriction, and increased mucus production
COPD
a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems.
Emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
Pneumonia
acute inflammation and infection of the alveoli of the lungs
Pleural Cavity
space bewteen the layers of the pleura
Parietal pleura
outer layer of the pleura lying closets to the chest wall
Mediastinum
centrally located place outside of and between the lungs in the thoracic cavity
Pulmonary Parenchyma
essential parts of the lungs responsible for repiration; bronchioles and alveoli
Epistaxis
nose bleed
Trachea
windpipe
Pharynx
throat
Pleura
double layered membrane surrounding each lung
Cilia
thin hairs that are attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining passageways in the body
Glottis
slit-like opening between the vocal cords of the larynx
Hilum
hollow in the surface of an organ, such as the kidney and the lung. It is the area where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the organ
Epiglottis
a flap of cartilage that prevents drinks and food from going down the windpipe
Nares
openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities
Larynx
voice box
Diaphragm
muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The diaphragm moves up and down aiding in breathing
Paranasal Sinus
air-filled extensions of the nasal cavity in the bones near the nose
Thoracotomy
incision of the chest
Tonsillectomy
removal of tonsils
Thoracoscopy
visual examination of the chest using small incision and an endoscope
Pulmonary embolism
clot or material from a distant vein that blocks a blood vessel in the lung
Thoracentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest
Pneumothorax
collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity between the pleura
Croup
acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx( voice box), accompanied by barking, coughing, and stridor
Stridor
strained, high-pitched sound heard on inhalation causes by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
Cystic Fibrosis
inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions on the respiratory tract that do not drain normally
coni/o
dust
The term for essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration
pulmonary parenchyma
what is a surgical puncture of the chest to remove fluid from the plueral space
thoracentesis
