final review Flashcards
carcin/o
cancer, cancerous
cyst/o
cyst, urinary bladder, sac of fluid
enter/o
intestines (usually small intestine)
gnos/o
knowledge
ren/o
kidney
-algia
pain
suffixes meaning pertaining to
-al, -ar, -ac, -an, -ary, -iac, -ic, -ical, -ior, -tic, -tory, -ous, -eal
-scopy
visual examination
Dia-
complete, through
Retro-
behind, back, backward
adip/o
fat
dors/o
back (of body)
hist/o
tissue
proxim/o
near
Meta-
change, beyond
-type
classification, picture
mast/o
breast
rhin/o
nose
-cyte
cell
-graph
instrument for recording
-megaly
enlargment
-plasia
development, formation, growth
-ist
specialist
A-, An-
no, not, without
Brady-
slow
Dys-
painful, bad, difficult, abnormal
Hypo-
deficient, below, under, less than normal
Pro-
before, forward
Tachy-
fast
ather/o
plaque (fatty substance)
coron/o
heart
sphygm/o
pulse
vas/o
vessel, duct, vas defrens
capn/o
carbon dioxide
phon/o
voice, sound
spir/o
to breathe
-osmia
smell
coagual/o
coagulation (clotting)
kary/o
nucleus
myel/o
bone marrow
-blast
immature cell
-poiesis
formation
tox/o
poison
oste/o
bone
-malacia
softening
chondr/o
cartilage
-stenosis
tightening
sarc/o
flesh
Ab-
away from
iatrogenic
pertaining to produced by a treatment or procedure
electroencephalogram
record of the electricity in the brain
incision
process of cutting into the body
pathology
study of disease
biopsy
process of removing a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination
autopsy
examination of a body after death to determine the cause of death
ophthalmoscopy
visual examination of the interior of the eye
ACL
Anterior cruciate ligamentis is one of the key ligaments that help stabilize the knee joint. The ACL connects the thighbone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia).
ophthalmoscope
instrument to visually examine the eyes
subrenal
pertaining to below the kidney
transdermal
the application of a medicine or drug through the skin
transhepatic
pertaining to through or across the liver
subhepatic
pertaining to below the liver
anabolism
process of building up proteins in cells
phagocytosis
the process by which white blood cells, known as phagocytes, engulf and digest cells - thereby destroying them.
catabolism
process of breaking down complex nutrients to simpler substances (energy is released to do the work of the cells)
sonogram
image of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the body (echogram or ultrasound)
karyotype
picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell
peritoneum memberane
double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
esophagus
tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach
pleural cavity
space between the layers of the pleura
mediastinum
centrally located space outside of and between the lungs in the thoracic cavity
viscera
internal organs
supine
lying on the back (face up, palms up)
prone
lying on the belly (face down, palms down)
distal
far from the point of attachment
coronal plane
vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior (front and back)
transverse plane
horizontal plane running across the body or structure parallel to the ground
frontal plane
also known as coronal, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior planes
sagittal
lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into left and right sides
sciatica
pain or inflammation along the course of the sciatica nerve (runs down the leg)
inguinal hernia
a small loop of the bowel protrudes through the weakened lower abdominal muscle
hiatal hernia
protrusion of the upper portion of the stomach into the chest through the opening of the diaphragm
cystocele
hernia of the urinary bladder
trachectomy
removal of the trachea (windpipe)
pharyngotomy
surgical incision into the pharynx (throat)
laryngectomy
removal of the larynx (voice box)
intercostal
pertaining to between the ribs
infracostal
pertaining to below the ribs
apnea
without breathing
syndrome
signs and symptoms that occur together indicating a particular condition or disorder
prodrome
sign or symptom that appears before the onset of a more serious illness (like a fever that signals a virus)
hypoglycemia
low/deficient levels of sugar in blood
hyperglycemia
high levels of sugar in the bloodstream, associated with diabetes
glycosuria
sugar in the urine
pulmonary artery
blood vessel carrying oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart into the lungs
pulmonary vein
blood vessels carrying oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium from the lungs
aorta
largest artery in the body
septal
a thin part dividing tissues or spaces in an organ such as the nose or heart
systole
contraction phase of the heartbeat
diastole
the relaxation phase of the heartbeat
cyanosis
abnormal condition of bluish color of the skin
phlebotomy
incision of a vein
alveoli
individualized section of an air sac in the lung
prothrombin time
test of the ability of blood to clot
bronchi
branch of the trachea that leads toward the air sacs of the lung
lymphocyte
type of white blood cell found in lymph nodes and blood (part of the immune system that fights disease
eosinophil
leukocyte containing dark granules that stain rosy with eosin (associated with allergic reactions)
neutrophil
leukocyte containing dark staining granules and protecting the body from infection (most present type of white blood cell)
basophil
leukocyte containing granules that stain blue (associated with the release of histamine and heparin)
antibodies/antibody
a blood protein produced in response to foreign substances (antigens) in the blood
antigen
foreign substance or toxin (poison) that stimulates the production of antibodies (evokes an immune response)
hematopoietic stem cell
cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells (can develop into all types of blood cells)
myeloid
relating to bone marrow and the growth of cells originating in the bone marrow
phagocytic
pertaining to a cell that engulfs another cell or foreign cell organism and destroys it
cancellous bone
spongy, porous bone tissue in the inner part of the bone
compact bone
hard, dense bone tissue, forming the outer portions of bones
hematocrit
the % of red blood cells in a given volume of blood
fissure
groove or crack-like sore
foramen
A passage, opening or communication between two cavities or a hole in a bone
bones of the face
nasal bones (2), palatine bones (2), lacrymal bones (2), zygomatic bones (2), maxilla bones (2), inferior nasal conchae (2), vomer bone and mandible (1).
parts of a long bone
1.)Epiphysis
2.)Diaphysis
3.)Articular cartilage
4.)Spongy bone
5.)Medullary cavity
6.)Endosteum
7.)Periosteum
Bones of the arms
the upper arm bone (humerus) and two forearm bones (the ulna and the radius)
Osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and bone marrow secondary (following) to infection
HIV/AIDs
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). There is currently no effective cure. Once people get HIV, they have it for life. interferes with the bodies ability to fight infection
comminuted fracture
a bone that is broken in at least two places
greenstick fracture
A bone cracks on one side only, not all the way through the bone (It is called a “greenstick” fracture because it can look like a branch that has broken and splintered on one side)
arthroplasty
surgical repair of a joint (like a total hip replacement or a total knee replacement)
atrophy
decrease in size of normally developed organs or tissue of the body
arthroscopy
visual examination fo the inside of joint with an endoscope
periumbilical
The region of the body that surrounds the umbilicus
epigastric
pertaining to above or upon the stomach
coccygeal
pertaining to the tailbone or coccyx
Pneumococcal
any infection caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus
Bronchitis
a condition that develops when the airways in the lungs, called bronchial tubes, become inflamed and cause coughing, often with mucus production (inflammation of the bronchial tubes)
Contraindicated
factor that indicates against the administration of a drug or procedure in the care of a patient (not to take a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient)
Precancerous
pertaining to occuring before a malignant condition
Auscultation
listening to sounds in the chest and abdomen using a stethoscope
Lipids
fatty compounds that perform a variety of functions in your body
PFTs
Pulmonary function tests - tests that measure the ventilation (breathing) mechanics of the lung
