Midterm 2 - Drug Abuse and Addiction Flashcards
A compulsive desire and increasing need for a substance or behavior, and by harm to the individual or society
Addiction
Characteristics of addictive behavior
Reinforcement Compulsion / Craving External loss of control Escalation Negative Consequences
How does an addictive behavior reinforce itself?
Feels good while using (positive reinforcement)
Feels bad when not (negative reinforcement)
The body adapts to the dry behavior and the initial dose no longer produces the same effects is
Tolerance
A set of symptoms including anxiety, pain, irritability, sweating, tumors, vomiting, and insomnia are symptoms of?
Withdrawal
With the development of an addiction, how do they usually start?
Way to bring pleasure and avoid pain
Chemicals other than food that is intended to affect the structure or function of the body are called?
Drugs
Difference between substance abuse and substance dependence
Abuse - Being “stupid”
Dependence - Needing it (tolerance and withdrawal symptoms)
What is the risk with unknown drug constituents?
No quality control
The two most common diseases one can get from injecting drugs
HIV and Hepatitis C
The impact of the drugs on the body is called
Pharmacodynamics
What are additive, synergistic, and antagonist effects?
Additive - Adding
Synergistic - Amplifying
Antagonist - Decreasing
Explain the dose response relationship and how this relates to a plateau and toxic dose
When increasing dosage after a plateau, toxic or lethal doses can occur
The impact of the body on the drug is
Pharmacokinetics
What route of drug administration causes the fastest reponse?
Injection
The portion of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and can produce an effect is called
Bioavailability
When the liver activates a portion of the drug before it reaches systemic circulation is called
Pass effect
Which will result in more bioavailability? 600 mg of Ibuprofen taken orally or 600 mg of Ibuprofen taken intravenously?
Intravenously
What makes up the CNS?
Brain and Spinal Cord
A nerve cell that is electrically stimulated to transfer information is called
Neuron
The gap between neurons where info is passed by diffusion of neurotransmitters is
Synapse
Responsible for insulating the electrical activity within the axon
Myelin Sheath
An autoimmune disorder where the immune cells attack the myelin sheath, causing impaired functioning of the nervous system
MS
Why does cocaine leave one with euphoric feelings? How is it affecting the nervous system to do this?
Blacks the re-uptake of dopamine
“Too much dopamine in the synapse by blocking re-uptake”
