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Health 140 > Midterm 1 - Immunity and Infection > Flashcards

Midterm 1 - Immunity and Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Different types of pathogens

A 
Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoan
Parasitic worm
Prions
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2
Q

Why are bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics

A

Over usage of antibiotics

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3
Q

Pathogen

A

A disease causing microorganism

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4
Q

Microscopic single celled organism
Reproduce by splitting in two, creating identical cells
Cause illness by invading body cells or producing toxins

A

Bacterium

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5
Q

Bacterium examples

A 
Pneumonic 
Meningitis 
Strep throat and other streptococcal infections
Toxic shock and other staphylococcal
Tuberculosis
Tick borne infections
Ulcers
Tetanus
Whooping cough
Urinary tract infections
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6
Q

Bacterial resistance example

A

Mrsa

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7
Q

Virus

A

Consist of protein shell, enclosing DNA or RNA

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8
Q

Virus examples

A 
Common cold
Influenza
Measles, mumps, and rubella
 Chickenpox, cold sores, and hpv 
Viral meningitis 
Viral hepatitis 
Viral pneumonia 
Rabies
HIV
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9
Q

Steps of a life cycle of a virus

A
  1. Virus penetrates cell
  2. Protein coat is removed
  3. Genes replicate
  4. New protein coat assembled
  5. Virus exits the cell
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10
Q

Fungi

A

Microorganisms such as yeast and molds, and mushrooms: Yeast infections, athletes foot, jock itch, and ringworm

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11
Q

Protozoan

A 
Microscopic single-celled organisms (some function as parasites)
Malaria
African sleeping sickness
Giardiasis
Tricomonias
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12
Q

Parasitic Worm

A

Worms that feed on or in a host:
Tapeworm
Hookworm
Pinworm

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13
Q

Prions

A

RARE Proteins that cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)
Lack DNA and RNA, just a protein
Can occur from genetic mutations or sporadically

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14
Q

Chain of Infection

A 
Pathogen
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Means of Transmission
Portal of Entry
New Host
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15
Q

Chain of infection example:

Lucy goes to use a razor that has Staphylococcus bacteria on it, this bacteria is…

A

Pathogen

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16
Q

Chain of infection example:

Lucy has a cold and coughs without covering her mouth, the infection goes everywhere is…

A

Portal of Exit

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17
Q

Chain of infection example:

Lucy gets cut from the razor and the bacteria enters her body. That is a…

A

Portal of Entry

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18
Q

Chain of infection example:

Lucy’s friend touches a doorknob that has been infected with Lucy’s cold virus is…

A

Means of Transmission

19
Q

Chain of infection example:

Lucy’s body is a ______ for infection

A

Reservoir

20
Q

Epidemic

A

A rapidly spreading disease or health-related condition

21
Q

Pandemic

A

A widespread epidemic

22
Q

Endemic

A

Infections disease that is maintained in a population or area

23
Q

Physical barriers of the body’s defense system

A

Skin
Mucous Membranes
Cilia in the repiratory tract

24
Q

Chemical barriers of the body’s defense system

A

Enzymes in body fluids help to destroy foreign particles
ex: stomach acid
tears
salt in sweat

25
Q

The Immune System of the Body’s Defense System

A 
Neutrophils
Macrophages "bug eaters"
Natural Killer Cells
Dendritic Cells
Lymphocytes - T-Cells, B-Cells, Memory T and B cells
26
Q

Eat Pathogens and activate lymphocytes

A

Dendritic Cells

27
Q

T-Cells

A

Helper, Killer, and Suppressor

28
Q

B-Cells

A

Antibodies

29
Q

Antibody

A

A specialized protein produced by WBC’s that can recognize and neutralize specific pathogens

30
Q

Antigen

A

Marker on the surface of a foreign substance that immune cells recognize as nonself.

31
Q

Antibody and Antigen

A

Have complimentary makers that act with a lock and key mechanism

32
Q

Immunoglobulin

A

Specialized proteins used by the immune system to fight off pathogens and function as antibodies.

33
Q

The Immune Response

A
  1. Dendritic cells are drawn to the site and expose antigens
  2. Helper T Cells multiply and produce cytokines which activate killer T cells and B cells
  3. Killer T Cells destroy foreign bodies and infected cells, B Cells produces antibodies to help mark pathogens for destruction
  4. Suppressor T Cells slow down the immune response. Memory T and B remember the invaders.
34
Q

B Cells produce to help aid in the immune response

A

Anitbodies

35
Q

Cells that are are responsible for helping your body remember infections

A

Memory B and T Cells

36
Q

Responsible for cell-mediated immune response

A

Killer T Cells

37
Q

Responsible for antibody-mediated immune response

A

B Cells

38
Q

Chemical responsible for dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels and causes increased heat, swelling, and redness to an area.

A

Histamine

39
Q

Occurs when the body reacts to infection or injury

A

Inflammation

40
Q

Incubation

A

Viruses or bacteria are multiplying in the body

41
Q

Prodromal Period

A

The infected host as acquired immunity

42
Q

A good example of when the body’s defense system has gone haywire

A

Allergies

43
Q

IGE

A

A special type of antibody which binds to mast cells in response to allergens

44
Q

Examples of autoimmune disorders

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Multiple Sclerosis
Type 1 Diabetes
System Lupus

Health 140 (6 decks)

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