Midterm 1 - Immunity and Infection

Question 1

Different types of pathogens

Answer 1

Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoan
Parasitic worm
Prions

Question 2

Why are bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics

Answer 2

Over usage of antibiotics

Question 3

Pathogen

Answer 3

A disease causing microorganism

Question 4

Microscopic single celled organism
Reproduce by splitting in two, creating identical cells
Cause illness by invading body cells or producing toxins

Answer 4

Bacterium

Question 5

Bacterium examples

Answer 5

Pneumonic 
Meningitis 
Strep throat and other streptococcal infections
Toxic shock and other staphylococcal
Tuberculosis
Tick borne infections
Ulcers
Tetanus
Whooping cough
Urinary tract infections

Question 6

Bacterial resistance example

Answer 6

Mrsa

Question 7

Virus

Answer 7

Consist of protein shell, enclosing DNA or RNA

Question 8

Virus examples

Answer 8

Common cold
Influenza
Measles, mumps, and rubella
 Chickenpox, cold sores, and hpv 
Viral meningitis 
Viral hepatitis 
Viral pneumonia 
Rabies
HIV

Question 9

Steps of a life cycle of a virus

Answer 9

1. Virus penetrates cell
2. Protein coat is removed
3. Genes replicate
4. New protein coat assembled
5. Virus exits the cell

Question 10

Fungi

Answer 10

Microorganisms such as yeast and molds, and mushrooms: Yeast infections, athletes foot, jock itch, and ringworm

Question 11

Protozoan

Answer 11

Microscopic single-celled organisms (some function as parasites)
Malaria
African sleeping sickness
Giardiasis
Tricomonias

Question 12

Parasitic Worm

Answer 12

Worms that feed on or in a host:
Tapeworm
Hookworm
Pinworm

Question 13

Prions

Answer 13

RARE Proteins that cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)
Lack DNA and RNA, just a protein
Can occur from genetic mutations or sporadically

Question 14

Chain of Infection

Answer 14

Pathogen
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Means of Transmission
Portal of Entry
New Host

Question 15

Chain of infection example:

Lucy goes to use a razor that has Staphylococcus bacteria on it, this bacteria is…

Answer 15

Pathogen

Question 16

Chain of infection example:

Lucy has a cold and coughs without covering her mouth, the infection goes everywhere is…

Answer 16

Portal of Exit

Question 17

Chain of infection example:

Lucy gets cut from the razor and the bacteria enters her body. That is a…

Answer 17

Portal of Entry

Question 18

Chain of infection example:

Lucy’s friend touches a doorknob that has been infected with Lucy’s cold virus is…

Answer 18

Means of Transmission

Question 19

Chain of infection example:

Lucy’s body is a ______ for infection

Answer 19

Reservoir

Question 20

Epidemic

Answer 20

A rapidly spreading disease or health-related condition

Question 21

Pandemic

Answer 21

A widespread epidemic

Question 22

Endemic

Answer 22

Infections disease that is maintained in a population or area

Question 23

Physical barriers of the body’s defense system

Answer 23

Skin
Mucous Membranes
Cilia in the repiratory tract

Question 24

Chemical barriers of the body’s defense system

Answer 24

Enzymes in body fluids help to destroy foreign particles
ex: stomach acid
tears
salt in sweat

Question 25

The Immune System of the Body's Defense System

Answer 25

``` Neutrophils Macrophages "bug eaters" Natural Killer Cells Dendritic Cells Lymphocytes - T-Cells, B-Cells, Memory T and B cells ```

Question 26

Eat Pathogens and activate lymphocytes

Answer 26

Dendritic Cells

Question 27

T-Cells

Answer 27

Helper, Killer, and Suppressor

Question 28

B-Cells

Answer 28

Antibodies

Question 29

Antibody

Answer 29

A specialized protein produced by WBC's that can recognize and neutralize specific pathogens

Question 30

Antigen

Answer 30

Marker on the surface of a foreign substance that immune cells recognize as nonself.

Question 31

Antibody and Antigen

Answer 31

Have complimentary makers that act with a lock and key mechanism

Question 32

Immunoglobulin

Answer 32

Specialized proteins used by the immune system to fight off pathogens and function as antibodies.

Question 33

The Immune Response

Answer 33

1. Dendritic cells are drawn to the site and expose antigens 2. Helper T Cells multiply and produce cytokines which activate killer T cells and B cells 3. Killer T Cells destroy foreign bodies and infected cells, B Cells produces antibodies to help mark pathogens for destruction 4. Suppressor T Cells slow down the immune response. Memory T and B remember the invaders.

Question 34

B Cells produce to help aid in the immune response

Answer 34

Anitbodies

Question 35

Cells that are are responsible for helping your body remember infections

Answer 35

Memory B and T Cells

Question 36

Responsible for cell-mediated immune response

Answer 36

Killer T Cells

Question 37

Responsible for antibody-mediated immune response

Answer 37

B Cells

Question 38

Chemical responsible for dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels and causes increased heat, swelling, and redness to an area.

Answer 38

Histamine

Question 39

Occurs when the body reacts to infection or injury

Answer 39

Inflammation

Question 40

Incubation

Answer 40

Viruses or bacteria are multiplying in the body

Question 41

Prodromal Period

Answer 41

The infected host as acquired immunity

Question 42

A good example of when the body's defense system has gone haywire

Answer 42

Allergies

Question 43

IGE

Answer 43

A special type of antibody which binds to mast cells in response to allergens

Question 44

Examples of autoimmune disorders

Answer 44

Rheumatoid arthritis Multiple Sclerosis Type 1 Diabetes System Lupus