Midterm 2 Flashcards
Explain the difference between self-esteem, self-concept and self-worth
self-esteem - > how you see yourself (tied to self worth)
self- worth - > how you value yourself
self concept - > how someone thinks about, evaluates or perceives themselves
social physique anxiety
occurs when people feel stress or discomfort during a physical evaluation
What happens when an individual has high levels of physical self-esteem
it tends to make up for deficiencies in other areas of self-esteem ie. academic self-esteem
Are all areas of self esteem created equal? Is there one measure of self-esteem
No, some are valued more than others (Physical SE is the most valued)
There is not one fixed measure of SE, its multidimensional
what is the link between physical activity and self-esteem
people who are physically active tend to have higher levels of self-esteem
Why do women tend to have more body image issues?
Many reasons (i.e. media) but women tend to have more social physique anxiety than men; which leads to body image issues
Social physique anxiety’s effect on physical activity
it can effect how people work out and will influence weather or not they work out in general
body image’s effect on the exercises primarily used by men and women
- > the exercises used by men and women are determined by body image
- > men want to bulk up/get bigger (weights)
- > women want to lose weight/ get thinner (cardio)
how do people with high levels of social physique anxiety work out
they work out a lot, but in private
things to consider when you’re consulting with an athlete/team
- > you want to have a psychological skills training program
- > who is the client, who is paying you
- > initial meeting of the client(s)
- > relation between the sports psychologist and the sport
- > doing an assessment on the athlete (questionnaire/interview)
- > evaluation of how you did your job
- > Ethical guidelines
- > have concern for your client
why is it important to know who your employer is when consulting with a team or athlete
- > if the team is paying you, you may be obligated to share confidential information with management
- > confidentiality is very important
why is the initial/first meeting with the athlete important
- > first impressions are important; if you freak them out or make them feel awkward then they won’t trust or talk to you
explain the relation between a sports psychologist and the sport of their client
- > ideally they should know the sport but not an expert; easier for athletes to relate to someone who knows the sport
- > bad idea if the SP is an expert on the sport as they can stray into areas that are not your job to pursue
why should a sports psychologist follow certain ethical guidelines
must - > be confidant - > be competent - > have integrity - > keep information CONFIDENTIAL without these attributes, there is no relationship between SP and athlete
why must you have concern for your client?
- > an emotional (professional) relationship further strengthens the bond/trust between the two and the want for your client to do well increases the effectiveness of your job
What is hazing?
- > refers to any activity that is expected of someone joining a team/group which humiliates, degrades or risks emotional and physical harm regardless of the persons willingness to do so
Why does hazing work
- > hazing works because of power dynamics
- > needs someone more powerful than someone else telling them to do something (veterans are able to force their will on rookies)
Is hazing confined only to sports?
No, but sports have a high profile
factors always involved in hazing activity
- > alcohol
- > humiliation
- > personal servitude (slave)
- > isolation
- > sleep deprevation
male vs female hazing
MALE
- > more violent
- > hyper masculinity
- > endurance of pain
- > more emphasis on obedience to superiors
FEMALE
- > less likely to be subjected to “unacceptable” acts
why does hazing still occur?
- > people are looking for proof/evidence that you want to be on the team and will do whatever it takes/you are worthy to be on the team
- > right of passage/ tradition
- > occurs in mens sports to prove you’re not weak
- > usually an exit cost to not participate
- > “I had to do it when I was a rookie so you do too.”
Is being forced to go to a team breakfast you don’t want to attend a form of hazing?
yes
why do people engage in running
- > people have developed a sense of accomplishment when they’ve completed a run (self-esteem goes up)
- > organized runs linked to charity motivate people to participate to help people
which demographic is the most prevalent in running
- > middle aged men are the main participants so they can prove that they’ve still got it (hyper masculinity)
- > jobs of those men
Civil service, teachers, engineers, corporate workers
hyper masculinity
a psychological term for the exaggeration of male stereotypical behaviour, such as an emphasis on physical strength, aggression, and sexuality
People who take part in many serious runs/ marathons have ___________
serious leisure
serious leisure
- > substantial pursuit of a hobby which gives pursuers a sense of identity
- > people who do it set and put great effort into fulfilling their goals
Why do some people consider FunRuns actually fun
the group setting and sense of community attracts and motivates people to participate for a good cause
(you could go to the currie centre right now and run a marathon… but you don’t)
Which exercises have been reported to have the greatest improvement in self esteem/concept
Running and weight training
exercise which lasts _________ has the greatest potential to improve self concept
an hour or more
what is the social cognitive theory
- > describes the influence of individual experiences, the actions of others, and environmental factors on individual health behaviours
- > using observational learning and other reinforcements to achieve behaviour change.
three primary causes of hazing, according to SCT
- the differences in status, role, and power between rookie and veteran athletes
- rookie athletes make sacrifices and take risks to be accepted by a team, especially those with a strong need for social approval
- rookie athletes are motivated to seek support and reassurance/validation for their willingness to be subjected to hazing
key environmental factors involved with hazing
- > team size
- > level of physical contact allowed in the sport
