midterm 2

Question 1

t/f all genes have only 2 alleles.

Answer 1

false

Question 2

t/f the expression of all genes is dependent only upon the inheritance of alleles from an individual’s parents and is independent of the environmental influences.

Answer 2

false

Question 3

t/f an autosomal trait will occur with equal frequency in both males and females.

Answer 3

true

Question 4

t/f in heterozygous individuals, only the recessive allele is expressed.

Answer 4

false

Question 5

t/f crossing over can cause linked genes to not be linked.

Answer 5

true

Question 6

t/f hemophilia is caused by a mutated allele that produces a defective form of the protein hemoglobin.

Answer 6

false

Question 7

a trait that was expressed in the f1 generation in mendel’s experiment is considered ___

Answer 7

dominant

Question 8

a cross between a red snapdragon flower and a while snapdragon flower produces a snapdragon with pink flowers. this flower color exhibits ___

Answer 8

incomplete dominance

Question 9

if the inheritance of one trait is not related to the inheritance of another, it is because ___

Answer 9

they are not on the same chromosome

Question 10

which of the following is not typically a step in analyzing a pedigree?

Answer 10

determining what mutated genes cause the trait.

Question 11

finding that the inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance of another became known as ___

Answer 11

law of independent assortment

Question 12

while studying several generations of a particular family, a geneticist observed that a certain disease was found equally in males and females, and that all children that had the disease had at least one parent who also had the disease. the gene coding for this disease is probably ___

Answer 12

autosomal dominant

Question 13

in humans, the risk of passing a genetic disorder onto one’s children can be assessed by

Answer 13

all the above

Question 14

two phenotypically normal people that are heterozygous carriers of phenoketnuria ___

Answer 14

can produce children who will suffer the effects of the disease

Question 15

an organism that has inherited two of the same alleles from the genes of its parents is called ___

Answer 15

homozygous

Question 16

a diagram in while several generations of a family and the occurance of several genetic characteristics are shown is called ___

Answer 16

pedigree

Question 17

the farther apart two genes are located on a chromosome, the ___

Answer 17

less likely they are inherited together

Question 18

the law of independent assortment applies only to genes that are ___

Answer 18

located on different chromosomes

Question 19

both sickle cell anemia and hemophilia ___

Answer 19

are caused by genes coding for defective proteins

Question 20

in the f2 generation in Mendel’s experiments, the ration of dominant to recessive phenotype was ___

Answer 20

3:1

Question 21

the ___ or physical appearance of an individual is determined by the alleles that code for the trait. while the set of alleles an individual has is called ___

Answer 21

phenotype

genotype

Question 22

the likelihood that a specific event will occur is called ___

Answer 22

probability

Question 23

uncorrected mistakes in genetic material often made when copying DNA are called ___

Answer 23

mutations

Question 24

a trait that is determined by a gene found only on the x chromosome is called a ___ trait.

Answer 24

sex-linked

Question 25

crossing two pea plants heterozygous for flower color should produce a phenotype ratio of ___ in the offspring.

Answer 25

3:1

Question 26

the branch of biology that studies heredity is called ___

Answer 26

genetics

Question 27

___ is a condition that impairs the blood’s ability to clot.

Answer 27

hemophilia

Question 28

in 1994 the experiments of Oswald, Avery, and his associated demonstrated that DNA was responsible for

Answer 28

transforming r bacteria into deadly bacteria

Question 29

Griffith’s experiment ___

Answer 29

caused non-harmful bacteria to become deadly

Question 30

molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of __

Answer 30

nucleotides

Question 31

in 1953, james watson and frances crick built a model of DNA with the configuration of ___

Answer 31

a double helix

Question 32

during DNA replication, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be

Answer 32

GGATCGA

Question 33

cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in the DNA of an organism, approximately what % of the nucleotides in the sample will be thymine?

Answer 33

12%

Question 34

at the end of the replication process, each one of the two DNA molecules is composed of which of the following?

Answer 34

one new strand and one original strand

Question 35

Avery demonstrated that treating heat killed s bacteria with DNA destroying enzymes ___

Answer 35

prevented harmless bacteria from transforming to deadly bacteria

Question 36

a nucleotide consists of

Answer 36

a five carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

Question 37

biologists believe that by having genes of eukaryotic cells interrupted by non-coding sequences of nucleotides ___

Answer 37

provides evolutionary flexibility to (or through) genetic material

Question 38

in bacteria, genes occur as ___

Answer 38

unbroken stretches of nucleotides

Question 39

x-ray diffraction photographs by wil… and Franklin suggested that ___

Answer 39

DNA molecules arranged in tightly coiled helix

Question 40

a scientist credited with establishing the structure of DNA are ___

Answer 40

watson and crick

Question 41

a gene may be described as ___

Answer 41

a sequence of nucleotides that code for a sequence of amino acids

Question 42

t/f it has been discovered that proteins are the genetic material rather than dna because proteins are more complex molecules

Answer 42

false

Question 43

t/f introns can be shuffled between genes to create new genes over time

Answer 43

false

Question 44

t/f after infecting e Coli bacteria with bacteria phages that have grown in media containing radioactive sulfur, then separating the virus from the bacteria, Hershey, and chase found that most of the radioactive substance was now in the bacteria, indicating that DNA was the genetic material

Answer 44

false

Question 45

t/f multiple replication bubbles may open up in more than one portion of a eukaryotic DNA molecule at once, speeding up the rate of replication.

Answer 45

true

Question 46

jumping genes that can move from one chromosomal location into another are called ___

Answer 46

transposons

Question 47

a ___ is a preparation of killer micro organisms that are introduced into the body to produce immunity.

Answer 47

vaccine

Question 48

in Griffith’s experiments, r bacteria will mix with heat-killed s bacteria and as a result, the r bacteria acquired a saccharide capsule. this changing nature of the organism is known as ___

Answer 48

transformation.