ch 1 test

Question 1

why was it important to share info among scientists?

Answer 1

to know that it was a widespread problem

Question 2

scientists are concerned about a durable species dying off because…

Answer 2

it could mean that the problem is serious

Question 3

a scientific explanation for why something is happening that is only a guess

Answer 3

a hypothesis

Question 4

why is the lake up the mountain decreasing in population when the lake down the mountain maintaining population?

Answer 4

lake up:
-snow accumulates over several months
-snow melts quickly [and all at the same time]
-the acid won't be able to be neutralized [in a day]
lake down:
-raining
-rain goes immediately into the lake
-acid is neutralized every day

Question 5

HARTE’S BIG IMPORTANT TEN DOTS

Answer 5

1. upwind air pollution
2. acid precipitation
3. [turns into] snow
4. does not melt immediately; accumulates over several months
5. melts FAST
6. large surface area tunnels all the snow into a small surface area; the “catchment effect”
7. acid spike [in the lake]
8. at the same time, amphibian embryos are at their most vulnerable
9. organs are forming [in embyos]
10. cannot survive; they die

Question 6

verifying hypothesis

Answer 6

can be done through observational study or lab experiment

Question 7

controls (controlled variable)

Answer 7

conditions/ variables kept the same in ALL the groups

Question 8

Experimental/ independent/ manipulated variable

Answer 8

the factor that a scientist suspect is causing the effect

not applied to control group

Question 9

respondent/ dependant variable

Answer 9

the factor a scientist believes will change due to the independent variable

Question 10

control group

Answer 10

a group in which the manipulated variable is not applied to

Question 11

large sample size is good because…

Answer 11

to reduce the effects of outliers

Question 12

Harte’s 3 experiments

Answer 12

1. observing acid levels througout the year
   (if snowmelt does cause an acid spike)
2. if amount of acid at snowmelt time could cause birth defects/ death
3. observing population and snowmelt times over multiple years

Question 13

scientific method

Answer 13

-collecting observations
-prior knowledge
-forming a hypothesis
-designing a study/ lab
-predictions
-testing hypothesis
>performing experiments
>field studies
-collect data
-analyse and interpret data
-draw conclusions

Question 14

qualitative observations vs quantitative observations

Answer 14

details vs numbers

Question 15

something that all living things have:

Answer 15

cellular organization
-composed of one or more cells
metabolism
-use energy to grow, move, and process info
homeostasis
-maintain relatively stable internal conditions
reproduction
-to keep the species alive [because everything dies]
hereditary
-genes passed down [within DNA] to help with survival

Question 16

worried for a reason

Answer 16

1. amphibians have been around for a long time, before dinos
2. survived a major catastrophy
3. must be very durable
4. if they are dying now, the problem could be very serious and very big
   .
5. amphibians have pourous skin
6. toxins can easily get through
7. spend of their lives in water, eggs develop in water
8. catchment effect with acid
9. become indicator species
   » warning of something wrong in the ecosystem