MIDTERM 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Hematopoeisis Organs
A
Organs that create blood ; Bone Marrow
2
Q
Blood Composition
A
- Blood Cells
- Plasma
- Thrombocytes
3
Q
Blood Cells (2)
A
- Erythrocytes (RED)
2. Leukocytes (WHITE)
4
Q
Plasma
A
- Liquid Matrix
- Transports nutrients, hormones, waste
- 92% water
5
Q
Blood
A
- Connective Tissue
- Made in Hematopoeisis Organs
- Typically 4-5 liters
6
Q
Thrombocytes
A
Platelets
7
Q
Hematocrit
A
- Centrifuge a sample of blood
- Estimate of volume of RBCs
8
Q
Hematocrit Results
A
- 55% Plasma
- 1% Leukocytes and Platelets
- 45% Erythrocytes
9
Q
Plasma Proteins
A
- Synthesized by Liver
- Albumin, Lipoproteins
- Alpha, Beta, Gamma Globulins
10
Q
Lipoproteins
A
Carry fat molecules (LDL and HDL)
11
Q
Alpha, Beta, Gamma Globulins
A
Antibodies, Immunoglobulins
12
Q
Anemia
A
Low Hematocrit
13
Q
Polycythemia
A
Increased Hematocrit
14
Q
RBC Membrane
A
- 40% lipid
- 50% protein
- 10% carb
15
Q
Globin
A
Transport portion of Hemoglobin, Polypeptide chain
16
Q
RBC Lifespan
A
120 days
17
Q
RBC Iron
A
Transported to the liver for storage
18
Q
Bilirubin
A
Used in Bile
19
Q
Leukocytes
A
- Non dividing terminal cells with short lifespan
- First line of attack of Pathogens
- Cellular defense
20
Q
Granulocytes
A
- Specific granules and lobed nuclei
1. Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Basophils
21
Q
Agranulocytes
A
- Typically 1 nucleus
- Azurophilic Granules
- Lymphocytes and Monocytes
22
Q
Neutrophils (4)
A
- Phagocytic, first line of defense
- Anaerobic energy production
- 1 to 4 day lifespan
- In females, inactive X chromosome is a Barr Body
23
Q
Eosinophils (3)
A
- Bilobed nucleus
- Epithelium of Bronchi, Vagina, Uterus, GI Tract
- Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes
24
Q
Basophil (3)
A
- Granules contain Histamine and Heparin
- Irregular lobed nucleus
- Will leave the blood
25
Lymphocyte
- Only WBC to return from tissues to the blood
- Spherical deeply basophilic nucleus and a rim of cytoplasm
- Formed in Bone Marrow and Lymphoid Tissue
26
Monocyte
- Horseshoe/Kidney shaped nucleus
| - Becomes the tissue Macrophage
27
Circulatory System
Vessels that carry the blood and lymphatic fluid
28
Blood Vascular System
Heart, Arteries, Capillaries, Veins
29
Lymphatic Vascular System
Lymphatic Capillaries, Lymphatic Vessels, Lymphatic Trunks
30
Vascular Wall
- Simple Squamous Endothelium
- Semi-permeable barrier between blood and interstitial fluid
- If undamaged, has an anti-clotting effect on blood
31
Vascular Wall Cells
Convert Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2; Produce NO which affects vessel diameter
32
Vessels: Muscle Tissue
- Smooth Muscle
- Present in all vessels except capillaries and post capillary venules
- Located in middle layer and circular arrangement
33
Lymphatic Vessels
- Found in all tissue except CNS and bone marrow
- Return extracellular fluids to the bloodstream
- Valves
- Elastic Fibers
34
Purkinje Fibers
- Modified cardiac muscle cells which form the cardiac conduction system
- Found between endocardium and myocardium
- These cells spontaneously depolarize
- Allows contractions of atria and ventricles to be coordinated
35
Cardiac Muscle Origin and Insertion
- Fibrous skeleton of dense CT
- Trigone Fibrosa
- Annuli Fibrosi
36
Lymphatic Organs
- Integral to body's immune system
| - Found in bone marrow, Lymph Nodes, Spleen, Thymus, MALT
37
Primary Lymphoid Organs
Sites where Lymphocytes differentiate and develop the ability to recognize self from non self
38
Secondary Lymphoid Organs
Places where B and T encounter the antigen and immune response occurs
39
Red Marrow Composition (3)
1. Stroma (Type I and III)
2. Hematopoeitic Cords
3. Sinusoidal Capillaries
40
When does Hematopoeisis begin?
In the 3rd week of gestation in the yolk sac mesoderm
41
Platelet Function
Blood Clotting (3-5 minutes)
42
Hyalomere Composition
1. Actin
2. Myosin
3. Microtubules
43
Monocyte vs Macrophage
- A Monocyte is in circulation
| - A Macrophage is in CT
44
General characteristics occurring during Granulopoeisis
-Specific granule formation and nucleus shape formation
45
Erythropoeisis
- RBC Formation
1. Cell Volume decreases
2. Nuclei diminish
3. Nuclear diameter decreases
4. Chromatin becomes more dense
5. Cytoplasm turns Acidophilic from Basophilic
6. Nucleus is extruded
46
Capillaries: Fenestrated/Visceral
- In Kidney and Viscera
| - Openings between Endothelial Cells
47
Capillaries: Continuous/Somatic
- Most common
| - Cells attach via tight junctions
48
Capillaries (2)
1. Exchange vessels where diffusion takes place
| 2. Single layer of endothelial cells
