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Histology > MIDTERM 2 > Flashcards

MIDTERM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hematopoeisis Organs

A

Organs that create blood ; Bone Marrow

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2
Q

Blood Composition

A
  1. Blood Cells
  2. Plasma
  3. Thrombocytes
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3
Q

Blood Cells (2)

A
  1. Erythrocytes (RED)

2. Leukocytes (WHITE)

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4
Q

Plasma

A
  • Liquid Matrix
  • Transports nutrients, hormones, waste
  • 92% water
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5
Q

Blood

A
  • Connective Tissue
  • Made in Hematopoeisis Organs
  • Typically 4-5 liters
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6
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets

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7
Q

Hematocrit

A
  • Centrifuge a sample of blood

- Estimate of volume of RBCs

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8
Q

Hematocrit Results

A
  1. 55% Plasma
  2. 1% Leukocytes and Platelets
  3. 45% Erythrocytes
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9
Q

Plasma Proteins

A
  • Synthesized by Liver
  • Albumin, Lipoproteins
  • Alpha, Beta, Gamma Globulins
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10
Q

Lipoproteins

A

Carry fat molecules (LDL and HDL)

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11
Q

Alpha, Beta, Gamma Globulins

A

Antibodies, Immunoglobulins

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12
Q

Anemia

A

Low Hematocrit

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13
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increased Hematocrit

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14
Q

RBC Membrane

A
  • 40% lipid
  • 50% protein
  • 10% carb
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15
Q

Globin

A

Transport portion of Hemoglobin, Polypeptide chain

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16
Q

RBC Lifespan

A

120 days

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17
Q

RBC Iron

A

Transported to the liver for storage

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18
Q

Bilirubin

A

Used in Bile

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19
Q

Leukocytes

A
  • Non dividing terminal cells with short lifespan
  • First line of attack of Pathogens
  • Cellular defense
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20
Q

Granulocytes

A
  • Specific granules and lobed nuclei
    1. Neutrophils
    2. Eosinophils
    3. Basophils
21
Q

Agranulocytes

A
  • Typically 1 nucleus
  • Azurophilic Granules
  • Lymphocytes and Monocytes
22
Q

Neutrophils (4)

A
  • Phagocytic, first line of defense
  • Anaerobic energy production
  • 1 to 4 day lifespan
  • In females, inactive X chromosome is a Barr Body
23
Q

Eosinophils (3)

A
  • Bilobed nucleus
  • Epithelium of Bronchi, Vagina, Uterus, GI Tract
  • Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes
24
Q

Basophil (3)

A
  • Granules contain Histamine and Heparin
  • Irregular lobed nucleus
  • Will leave the blood
25
Q

Lymphocyte

A
  • Only WBC to return from tissues to the blood
  • Spherical deeply basophilic nucleus and a rim of cytoplasm
  • Formed in Bone Marrow and Lymphoid Tissue
26
Q

Monocyte

A
  • Horseshoe/Kidney shaped nucleus

- Becomes the tissue Macrophage

27
Q

Circulatory System

A

Vessels that carry the blood and lymphatic fluid

28
Q

Blood Vascular System

A

Heart, Arteries, Capillaries, Veins

29
Q

Lymphatic Vascular System

A

Lymphatic Capillaries, Lymphatic Vessels, Lymphatic Trunks

30
Q

Vascular Wall

A
  • Simple Squamous Endothelium
  • Semi-permeable barrier between blood and interstitial fluid
  • If undamaged, has an anti-clotting effect on blood
31
Q

Vascular Wall Cells

A

Convert Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2; Produce NO which affects vessel diameter

32
Q

Vessels: Muscle Tissue

A
  • Smooth Muscle
  • Present in all vessels except capillaries and post capillary venules
  • Located in middle layer and circular arrangement
33
Q

Lymphatic Vessels

A
  • Found in all tissue except CNS and bone marrow
  • Return extracellular fluids to the bloodstream
  • Valves
  • Elastic Fibers
34
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A
  • Modified cardiac muscle cells which form the cardiac conduction system
  • Found between endocardium and myocardium
  • These cells spontaneously depolarize
  • Allows contractions of atria and ventricles to be coordinated
35
Q

Cardiac Muscle Origin and Insertion

A
  • Fibrous skeleton of dense CT
  • Trigone Fibrosa
  • Annuli Fibrosi
36
Q

Lymphatic Organs

A
  • Integral to body’s immune system

- Found in bone marrow, Lymph Nodes, Spleen, Thymus, MALT

37
Q

Primary Lymphoid Organs

A

Sites where Lymphocytes differentiate and develop the ability to recognize self from non self

38
Q

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

A

Places where B and T encounter the antigen and immune response occurs

39
Q

Red Marrow Composition (3)

A
  1. Stroma (Type I and III)
  2. Hematopoeitic Cords
  3. Sinusoidal Capillaries
40
Q

When does Hematopoeisis begin?

A

In the 3rd week of gestation in the yolk sac mesoderm

41
Q

Platelet Function

A

Blood Clotting (3-5 minutes)

42
Q

Hyalomere Composition

A
  1. Actin
  2. Myosin
  3. Microtubules
43
Q

Monocyte vs Macrophage

A
  • A Monocyte is in circulation

- A Macrophage is in CT

44
Q

General characteristics occurring during Granulopoeisis

A

-Specific granule formation and nucleus shape formation

45
Q

Erythropoeisis

A
  • RBC Formation
    1. Cell Volume decreases
    2. Nuclei diminish
    3. Nuclear diameter decreases
    4. Chromatin becomes more dense
    5. Cytoplasm turns Acidophilic from Basophilic
    6. Nucleus is extruded
46
Q

Capillaries: Fenestrated/Visceral

A
  • In Kidney and Viscera

- Openings between Endothelial Cells

47
Q

Capillaries: Continuous/Somatic

A
  • Most common

- Cells attach via tight junctions

48
Q

Capillaries (2)

A
  1. Exchange vessels where diffusion takes place

2. Single layer of endothelial cells

Histology (9 decks)

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