FINAL- Urinary System Flashcards
Blood Supply to Kidneys
- Renal Artery
- Interlobar Artery
- Arcuate Arteries
- Interlobule Arteries
- Afferent Arteriole
- Glomerulus
- Efferent Arterioles
- Peritubular Capillaries and Vasa Recta
Nephron
- Structural and functional unit of the Kidney
- Composed of various Renal Tubules and Blood Vessels
The Proximal Tubule begins at this pole:
Urinary Pole
What structure is often seen at the Vascular Pole?
Macula Densa
Main function of the Glomerulus?
-Filters the blood
What structure surrounds the Glomerulus?
-Bowman’s Capsule
Bowman’s Capsule consists of 2 layers. What are these layers, and the contents of each?
- Parietal Layer = Simple Squamous Epithelium
- Visceral Layer
- Podocytes
- Foot processes are called Pedicels
- Spaces between the foot processes are called Slit Diaphragms
Filtration Barrier (3)
- Glomerular Endothelium (fenestrated)
- Thick Basement Membrane
- Pedicels and Slit Diaphragms (of Podocytes)
Filtrate oozes between the filtration slits of the Glomerulus and enters ___________ ; It then drains into the _______________ tubule.
- Bowman’s Capsule
- Proximal Convoluted Tubule
What is the function of Proximal Convoluted Tubules?
Active reabsorption of nutrients (like glucose) and electrolytes (Na+) ; Filtrate remaining is isotonic
How is the Macula Densa formed?
When a Distal Convoluted Tubule contracts the vascular pole, some of the cells within it become taller and closely packed forming a Macula Densa.
Function of Macula Densa
Functions as an osmoreceptor: monitors sodium concentration of filtrate
How does urine leave the Kidney?
- Major calyx under each renal pyramid
- 2-3 minor calyxes
- Renal Pelvis
- Ureter
Describe the mucosa of the Ureter:
- Transitional Epithelium
- Highly folded
- Lamina Propria contains many capillaries but NO glands
Describe the Muscularis of the Ureter:
-Smooth Muscle in inner longitudinal; Outer is circular in orientation
Main function of the Ureter?
Peristalsis of urine to the bladder
Major Functions of Kidney
- Removal of metabolic waste from urine
- Retention of vital substances
- Hormonal regulation of BP
- RBC production during Hypoxia
- Retention of body water and blood volume
Name the 4 layers of the kidney?
- Cortex
- Outer Stripe of the Medulla
- Inner Stripe of the Medulla
- Inner Medulla
Renal Corpuscle = __________+__________
Bowman’s Capsule + Glomerulus
Vascular Pole
Where the afferent arterioles enter the Glomerulus and the efferent arterioles leave
Macula Densa
What is the main function of the Loop of Henle?
Keeps the medulla hypertonic
- The thick ascending part actively pumps Cl-
- Water leaves the descending limb and re-enters the ascending limb
- Concentration of the filtrate goes from hypertonic at the bottom of the loop to isotonic as it enters the Distal Convoluted Tubule
*Called a Countercurrent Exchange-Countercurrent Multiplier System
Size difference between PCT and DCT?
-The Distal Convoluted Tubule has a smaller diameter than the Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Main function of Distal Convoluted Tubule?
Responds to aldosterone to reabsorb Na and secrete K+
Metabolic wastes get secreted in the filtrate here _______________
Distal Convoluted Tubule
