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Histology > FINAL- Urinary System > Flashcards

FINAL- Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Supply to Kidneys

A
  1. Renal Artery
  2. Interlobar Artery
  3. Arcuate Arteries
  4. Interlobule Arteries
  5. Afferent Arteriole
  6. Glomerulus
  7. Efferent Arterioles
  8. Peritubular Capillaries and Vasa Recta
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2
Q

Nephron

A
  • Structural and functional unit of the Kidney

- Composed of various Renal Tubules and Blood Vessels

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3
Q

The Proximal Tubule begins at this pole:

A

Urinary Pole

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4
Q

What structure is often seen at the Vascular Pole?

A

Macula Densa

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5
Q

Main function of the Glomerulus?

A

-Filters the blood

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6
Q

What structure surrounds the Glomerulus?

A

-Bowman’s Capsule

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7
Q

Bowman’s Capsule consists of 2 layers. What are these layers, and the contents of each?

A
  1. Parietal Layer = Simple Squamous Epithelium
  2. Visceral Layer
    - Podocytes
    - Foot processes are called Pedicels
    - Spaces between the foot processes are called Slit Diaphragms
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8
Q

Filtration Barrier (3)

A
  1. Glomerular Endothelium (fenestrated)
  2. Thick Basement Membrane
  3. Pedicels and Slit Diaphragms (of Podocytes)
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9
Q

Filtrate oozes between the filtration slits of the Glomerulus and enters ___________ ; It then drains into the _______________ tubule.

A
  • Bowman’s Capsule

- Proximal Convoluted Tubule

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10
Q

What is the function of Proximal Convoluted Tubules?

A

Active reabsorption of nutrients (like glucose) and electrolytes (Na+) ; Filtrate remaining is isotonic

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11
Q

How is the Macula Densa formed?

A

When a Distal Convoluted Tubule contracts the vascular pole, some of the cells within it become taller and closely packed forming a Macula Densa.

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12
Q

Function of Macula Densa

A

Functions as an osmoreceptor: monitors sodium concentration of filtrate

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13
Q

How does urine leave the Kidney?

A
  1. Major calyx under each renal pyramid
  2. 2-3 minor calyxes
  3. Renal Pelvis
  4. Ureter
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14
Q

Describe the mucosa of the Ureter:

A
  1. Transitional Epithelium
  2. Highly folded
  3. Lamina Propria contains many capillaries but NO glands
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15
Q

Describe the Muscularis of the Ureter:

A

-Smooth Muscle in inner longitudinal; Outer is circular in orientation

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16
Q

Main function of the Ureter?

A

Peristalsis of urine to the bladder

17
Q

Major Functions of Kidney

A
  1. Removal of metabolic waste from urine
  2. Retention of vital substances
  3. Hormonal regulation of BP
  4. RBC production during Hypoxia
  5. Retention of body water and blood volume
18
Q

Name the 4 layers of the kidney?

A
  1. Cortex
  2. Outer Stripe of the Medulla
  3. Inner Stripe of the Medulla
  4. Inner Medulla
19
Q

Renal Corpuscle = __________+__________

A

Bowman’s Capsule + Glomerulus

20
Q

Vascular Pole

A

Where the afferent arterioles enter the Glomerulus and the efferent arterioles leave

Macula Densa

21
Q

What is the main function of the Loop of Henle?

A

Keeps the medulla hypertonic

  • The thick ascending part actively pumps Cl-
  • Water leaves the descending limb and re-enters the ascending limb
  • Concentration of the filtrate goes from hypertonic at the bottom of the loop to isotonic as it enters the Distal Convoluted Tubule

*Called a Countercurrent Exchange-Countercurrent Multiplier System

22
Q

Size difference between PCT and DCT?

A

-The Distal Convoluted Tubule has a smaller diameter than the Proximal Convoluted Tubule

23
Q

Main function of Distal Convoluted Tubule?

A

Responds to aldosterone to reabsorb Na and secrete K+

24
Q

Metabolic wastes get secreted in the filtrate here _______________

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

25
Q

This structure functions as a Osmoreceptor; Monitors the Sodium concentration of the filtrate

A

Macula Densa

26
Q

JG Cells have granules of __________ , which does what?

A 
Renin; A hormone that promotes the formation of 
Angiotensin II (constricts the arteriole)
27
Q

What is the significance of Angiotensin II?

A

Promotes the release of Aldosterone, which then allows for more sodium reabsorption

28
Q

JG Cells and Macula Densa work together in maintaining

this _____________ ?

A

Blood Pressure

29
Q

The __________ epithelium of the Urinary Bladder has thickenings called __________ which protect the cells from acidic urine

A

The TRANSITIONAL epithelium of the Urinary Bladder has thickenings called PLAQUES which protect the cells from acidic urine

Histology (9 decks)

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