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Histology > FINAL - Endocrine System > Flashcards

FINAL - Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 distinct regions of the Pituitary Gland?

A
  1. Adenohypophysis (Anterior Pituitary or Pars Distalis)

2. Neurohypophysis (Posterior Pituitary or Pars Nervosa)

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2
Q

What are the 3 main cell types found in the Pars Distalis (Anterior Pituitary)?

A
  1. Acidophils (yellow-pink)
  2. Basophils (blue)
  3. Chromophobes (no stain, may be progenitor cells or degranulated chromophils)
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3
Q

Somatotropes make what hormone?

A

Growth Hormone

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4
Q

What hormone do Mammotropes produce?

A

Prolactin

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5
Q

Thyrotropes produce what hormone?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

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6
Q

What Endocrine Gland is known as the “Master Gland”, regulating the secretory activities of all other Endocrines?

A

Pituitary Gland

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7
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormones are produced by _________ ?

A

Corticotropes

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8
Q

What 2 hormones are released from Pars Nervosa?

A
  1. AntiDiuretic Hormone (ADH)

2. Oxytocin

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9
Q

What is ADH? (hormone)

A
  • AntiDiuretic Hormone, produced in the supraoptic nucleus

- Increases water permeability in kidney tubules

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10
Q

What is Oxytocin?

A
  • Produced in the paraventricular nucleus

- Allows for uterine muscle contraction and milk let down reflex

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11
Q

Name 3-4 disorders of the Pituitary Gland?

A

-Acromegaly, Giantism, Dwarfism, Diabetes Insipidus

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12
Q

The Pineal Gland is derived from where?

A

Epithalamus

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13
Q

The parenchyma of the Pineal Gland consists of

star shaped ____________ ?

A

Pinealocytes

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14
Q

Describe the stroma of the Pineal Gland (4 things)

A
  • Reticular CT
  • Fenestrated Capillaries
  • Glial Cells
  • Brain Sand
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15
Q

Embryological Origin of the Thyroid Gland?

A

The Thyroid Gland originates as an endodermal pocket in the floor of the Pharynx

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16
Q

Cellular arrangement of the Thyroid Gland?

A

Cells are arranged into follicles lined by cuboidal or columnar epithelium

17
Q

How do follicular cells produce MIT, TIT, and DIT?

A

Follicular cells uptake Iodine and couple it with the amino acid Tyrosine

18
Q

What thyroid hormone is stored in the follicle as the pink colloid?

A

Thyroglobulin

19
Q

The release and synthesis of thyroid hormone is governed

by ____________ from the Anterior Pituitary?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

20
Q

In the Thyroid Gland, __________ cells are found between follicles, which produce this hormone _____________ ?

A

C Cells , produce Calcitonin

21
Q

What does Calcitonin do, and what stimulates the release of it?

A

Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by suppressing osteoclasts. Stimulation for release of Calcitonin is high blood calcium.

22
Q

What does Parathyroid Hormone do with regards to blood calcium?

A

PTH acts to raise blood calcium levels in response to hypocalcemia and increase osteoclast activity

23
Q

_____________ is what activates Vitamin D in the kidney

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

24
Q

What is the significance of Prolactin?

A

Development of Mammary Glands and Lactation

25
Q

Acidophils are responsible for making what 2 hormones?

A
  1. Growth Hormone

2. Prolactin

26
Q

What does Adrenocorticotropic Hormone do?

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce its hormones

27
Q

What are the 2 types of Gonadotropic Stimulatory Hormones?

A
  1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

2. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

28
Q

What is the function of Follicle Stimulating Hormone?

A
  • Growth of Ovarian Follicles

- Spermatogenesis (male)

29
Q

Function of Luteinizing Hormone?

A
  • Stimulates ovulation
  • Formation of Corpus Luteum
  • Testosterone Production (Male)
30
Q

The Zona Glomerulosa produces what?

A
  • Produces Aldosterone (Sodium reabsorption)

- Only place in the body where we can get rid of Potassium

31
Q

The Zona Fasciculata produces what?

A
  • Produces Glucocorticoids (Cortisol and Cortisone)
  • Convert protein to carbs
  • Accumulate Glycogen and raise blood glucose
32
Q

What do Glucocorticoids do?

A

Function to:

  • Convert protein to carbs
  • Accumulate Glycogen and raise blood glucose
  • Released in response to stress; too much suppresses the immune response
33
Q

Where are C Cells found?

A

Thyroid

34
Q

What hormone do Pinealocytes produce?

A

Melatonin

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