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Histology > MIDTERM 1 > Flashcards

MIDTERM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Most predominant cell type in Adipose Tissue?

A

Unilocular (White Adipose)

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2
Q

3 Growth Mechanisms in Cartilage

A
  1. Appositional
  2. Interstitial
  3. Regeneration
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3
Q

Mature elastic fibers are called what?

A

Elastin

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4
Q

Mast Cells

A
  • Contain secretory granules with Histamine and Heparin

- Produce allergic reactions

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5
Q

Major function of Golgi

A

Modifies and packages proteins destined for release from cell

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6
Q

Difference between Heterochromatin and Euchromatin

A 
Hetero = Usually inactive 
Euch = Metabolically active DNA
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7
Q

Major function of Lysosomes

A

Intracellular digestion; Recycles

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8
Q

3 Components of Ground Substance

A
  • Water
  • GAGs
  • MAGs
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9
Q

Major cell in most adult CT

A

Fibroblasts

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10
Q

Macrophages are highly _______?

A

Phagocytic

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11
Q

Mitochondria (function)

A
  • Creates ATP

- Present in all cells except dead skin cells and RBC

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12
Q

Major function of Ribosomes

A

Protein Synthesis

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13
Q

Cellular components of CT

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Macrophages
  3. Mast Cells
  4. Plasma Cells
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14
Q

3 Major CT Families

A
  1. CT Proper
  2. CT w/special properties
  3. Supporting CT
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15
Q

Centrioles (function)

A
  • Become the MTOC
  • 9 sets of 3
  • Mitosis
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16
Q

RER Function

A

Protein production, folding, quality control

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17
Q

SER Function

A

-Synthesize steroid hormones and phospholipids for cell membrane

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18
Q

4 Functions of CT

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Transport medium for water/nutrients
  4. Energy reservoir
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19
Q

Collagen Type I

A

All dense regular connective tissue

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20
Q

Collagen Type II

A

Cartilage

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21
Q

Collagen Type III

A

Makes Reticular Fiber

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22
Q

Collagen Type IV

A

Basal Lamina

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23
Q

Extracellular Matrix

A

Ground Substance + Fibers

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24
Q

What is Mesenchyme?

A

Embryonic Tissue

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25
Q

Fibers of CT are produced primarily by?

A

Fibroblasts

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26
Q

How do Reticular Fibers stain?

A

Black with Silver Salts, not visible on H n E

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27
Q

Scurvy

A

Lacking Vitamin C

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28
Q

Types of CT Proper

A
  1. Loose

2. Dense

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29
Q

Dense CT has a predominance of what tissue?

A

Collagen

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30
Q

2 Types of Embryonic CT

A
  1. Mucous

2. Mesenchymal

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31
Q

Appositional Growth occurs where for bone?

A

Periosteum

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32
Q

Steroid/Lipid secretory cells are abundant where?

A

Smooth ER

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33
Q

Fixed cellular components of CT?

A

Fibroblasts

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34
Q

Wandering cellular components of CT?

A

Plasma Cells
Mast Cells
Macrophages

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35
Q

Marfan’s Syndrome

A

Incorrectly made Elastic Fibers

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36
Q

3 Types of Fibers in CT

A
  1. Collagen
  2. Reticular
  3. Elastic
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37
Q

Appositional Growth occurs where for cartilage?

A

Perichondrium

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38
Q

Location of Spongy Bone

A

Bone interior

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39
Q

Spongy Bone function?

A

Adds strength to absorb physical forces

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40
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

Movement from high to low concentration

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41
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Transportation of molecules while utilizing energy

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42
Q

Cell Membrane structure

A

Lipid Bilayer

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43
Q

Cell Membrane function

A

Acts as boundary to allow cell to maintain homeostasis

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44
Q

Where are Cilia found?

A

Respiratory System

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45
Q

Where are Microvilli found?

A

Digestive System

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46
Q

Microvilli function?

A

Increases surface area and absorption

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47
Q

3 Junctions in a Terminal Bar

A
  1. Tight Junction
  2. Adhering Junction
  3. Desmosomes
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48
Q

Epiphyseal Plate Zones

A
  1. Resting
  2. Proliferation
  3. Hypertrophy
  4. Calcification
  5. Ossification
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49
Q

Term for Muscle Cell cytoplasm?

A

Sarcoplasm

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50
Q

Term for Muscle Cell membrane?

A

Sarcolemma

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51
Q

Term for Muscle Cell Smooth ER

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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52
Q

2 Myofilaments in Muscle

A
  1. Actin

2. Myosin

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53
Q

Components of Muscle Cells (Large to Small)

A

Fascicle, Myofiber, Myofibril, Myofilament

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54
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium (Location)

A

Kidney, Blood Vessels

55
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium (Location)

A

Ovary, Kidney Tubules

56
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium (Location)

A

Digestive System

57
Q

Pseudostratified Epithelium (Location)

A

Respiratory Tract

58
Q

Transitional Epithelium (Location)

A

Only in Urinary System

59
Q

What does Pseudostratified Epithelium always have?

A

Cilia and Goblet Cells

60
Q

Plasma Cell Appearance

A

“Clock Face”

61
Q

What are immature Elastic Fibers called?

A

Oxytalan

62
Q

Cells and Fibers present in Loose CT

A
  1. Ground Substance
  2. Collagen
  3. Elastic Fiber
  4. Fibroblasts
63
Q

Specialized CT Types (3)

A
  1. Adipose
  2. Reticular
  3. Elastic
64
Q

Myotendinous Junction

A

Where muscle attaches to bone via Tendons

65
Q

Dark Striations

A

“A” Band ; Thick Myofilaments

66
Q

Light Striations

A

“I” Band

67
Q

Z Line

A

Bisects the “I” Band ; Made of up Alpha-Actinin

68
Q

What is Alpha-Actinin?

A

Protein that makes up the Z Line

69
Q

2 Types of Myofilaments

A
  1. Thick (Myosin)

2. Thin (Actin)

70
Q

Myosin

A

Composed of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains

71
Q

3 Parts of Heavy Chain Globular Head (Myosin)

A
  1. ATP Binding Site
  2. Actin Binding Site
  3. ATPase Activity
72
Q

3 Proteins of Actin

A
  1. G-Actin Monomers
  2. Tropomyosin
  3. Troponin
73
Q

Basophilic stains what color?

A

Blue

74
Q

Acidophilic stains what color?

A

Pink

75
Q

Reticular Tissue (Location)

A

Framework of Bone Marrow, Endocrine Glands, Liver

76
Q

What are Cilia attached to?

A

Basal Bodies

77
Q

Hyaline Cartilage (Location)

A

Serves as a temporary skeleton in embryo

78
Q

What are inclusions?

A

Non-living, non-moving parts of cell

79
Q

What is Actin?

A

Commonly found in Skeletal Muscle, forms Microvilli

80
Q

Interterritorial Matrix of Cartilage is what?

A

Type 1 Collagen

81
Q

Territorial Matrix of Cartilage is what?

A

Type 3 Collagen

82
Q

Keloids

A

Scar Tissue

83
Q

What are microtubules?

A

Motor Proteins that help things move in the cell

84
Q

Examples of Inclusions

A

Pigments, Proteins, Lipids, Glycogen

85
Q

Appearance of Cilia under an EM?

A

“9+2”

86
Q

What is Regeneration Cartilage Growth?

A

Limited, mostly forms scar tissue

87
Q

Hyaline Cartilage composition

A

Chondrocytes in Lacunae and matrix

88
Q

Pseudounipolar Cells are involved with what?

A

Touch, Temperature, etc

89
Q

Composition of Spinal Cord

A

Gray Matter w/ Multipolar Neurons

90
Q

Motor Neurons (3)

A
  1. Efferent
  2. Multipolar
  3. Golgi Type 1
91
Q

What cells are involved in motor function?

A

Multipolar

92
Q

What cells are involved in special senses?

A

Bipolar

93
Q

2 Types of Nervous Tissue

A
  1. Excitable

2. Irritable

94
Q

Interneurons (3)

A
  1. Multipolar
  2. Reflexes
  3. Golgi Type II
95
Q

Dendrite Function

A

Receive the signal/info

96
Q

Most abundant type of neuron?

A

Multipolar

97
Q

Sensory Neurons (3)

A
  1. Affarent
  2. Unipolar/Pseudounipolar
  3. Specialties are Bipolar
98
Q

Oligodendrocytes (Location)

A

C.N.S.

99
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium (Function)

A

Mediators of filtration and diffusion

100
Q

Apocrine

A
  • Mammary Glands, Axillary, Genital, Anal Sweat Glands

- Secretory product expelled with SOME cytoplasm

101
Q

Holocrine

A
  • Secretory product + whole cell is expelled

- Sebascious Gland

102
Q

3 Parts of Intercalated Discs

A
  1. Fascia Adherens
  2. Macula Adherens
  3. Gap Junction
103
Q

Non-Keratonized Stratified Squamous (Location)

A

Linings opened to outside (Mouth, Vagina, Urethra, Anus)

104
Q

Plasma Cells:

  • Derived From?
  • Produce What?
A
  1. B-Lymphocytes

2. Immunoglobulins

105
Q

Where is Elastic Tissue found?

A

Ligamentum Flavum, Suspensory lig of Penis, Tunica of large arteries

106
Q

Mucous Tissue

A

Does not differentiate ; Wharton’s Jelly of Umbilical Cord

107
Q

What is the appearance of Microvilli?

A

Apical extensions of the cell membrane

108
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Rare; Ducts of sweat glands

109
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Rare, Conjunctiva of eye

110
Q

Where are Fibroblasts found in Hyaline Cartilage?

A

Perichondrium

111
Q

Perimysium

A

Area around entire muscle bundle

112
Q

Endomysium

A

Area around each muscle cell

113
Q

Smooth Muscle

A
  • Weak, slow, involuntary contractions

- No striations

114
Q

Fascia Adherens

A
  • Transverse Portion

- Anchoring site for Actin

115
Q

Macula Adherens

A

Desmosomes

116
Q

Gap Junction

A

Enables Cardiac Muscle to act as a Syncytium

117
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A
  • Strong, quick, voluntary contractions
  • Normal T-tubules
  • Striated
118
Q

Sharpey’s Fibers

A

Collagen fibers that penetrate into the bone matrix to bind it to bone

119
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cartilage Cells

120
Q

Isogenous Groups

A

Clusters of up to 8 chondrocytes

121
Q

Heparin

A

Anti-coagulant

122
Q

What is Argyophilic and found in Lymphatic Organs?

A

Reticular Fibers

123
Q

Adipose CT

A
  • Largest repository of energy in the body via triglycerides
  • Shapes/Protects the body
  1. Unilocular
  2. Multilocular
124
Q

Basal Lamina

A

Forms the basement membrane of the Extracellular Matrix

125
Q

Stereocilia

A

Non-motile extensions of cell membrane

126
Q

Neuroepithelial Cells

A

-Taste buds and Olfractory Epithelium

127
Q

Myoepithelial Cells

A
  • Contain Actin and Myosin

- Secretory units of Apocrine

128
Q

Serous

A

Intense Basophilia due to Rough ER and RNA

129
Q

Histone

A

Cause inflammation

130
Q

Hyaluronic Acid

A
  • Most abundant

- Cartilage, Synovial Fluid, Umbilical Cord

131
Q

Keratin Sulfate

A
  • Cornea and IVD

- No Collagen binding

132
Q

Multi-Adhesive Glycoproteins (MAGs)

A
  • Interaction of Adult and Embryonic Cells

- Adhesion of cells to their substrate

133
Q

MAGs (2)

A
  1. Fibronectin

2. Laminin

Histology (9 decks)

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