MIDTERM 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Most predominant cell type in Adipose Tissue?
A
Unilocular (White Adipose)
2
Q
3 Growth Mechanisms in Cartilage
A
- Appositional
- Interstitial
- Regeneration
3
Q
Mature elastic fibers are called what?
A
Elastin
4
Q
Mast Cells
A
- Contain secretory granules with Histamine and Heparin
- Produce allergic reactions
5
Q
Major function of Golgi
A
Modifies and packages proteins destined for release from cell
6
Q
Difference between Heterochromatin and Euchromatin
A
Hetero = Usually inactive Euch = Metabolically active DNA
7
Q
Major function of Lysosomes
A
Intracellular digestion; Recycles
8
Q
3 Components of Ground Substance
A
- Water
- GAGs
- MAGs
9
Q
Major cell in most adult CT
A
Fibroblasts
10
Q
Macrophages are highly _______?
A
Phagocytic
11
Q
Mitochondria (function)
A
- Creates ATP
- Present in all cells except dead skin cells and RBC
12
Q
Major function of Ribosomes
A
Protein Synthesis
13
Q
Cellular components of CT
A
- Fibroblasts
- Macrophages
- Mast Cells
- Plasma Cells
14
Q
3 Major CT Families
A
- CT Proper
- CT w/special properties
- Supporting CT
15
Q
Centrioles (function)
A
- Become the MTOC
- 9 sets of 3
- Mitosis
16
Q
RER Function
A
Protein production, folding, quality control
17
Q
SER Function
A
-Synthesize steroid hormones and phospholipids for cell membrane
18
Q
4 Functions of CT
A
- Support
- Protection
- Transport medium for water/nutrients
- Energy reservoir
19
Q
Collagen Type I
A
All dense regular connective tissue
20
Q
Collagen Type II
A
Cartilage
21
Q
Collagen Type III
A
Makes Reticular Fiber
22
Q
Collagen Type IV
A
Basal Lamina
23
Q
Extracellular Matrix
A
Ground Substance + Fibers
24
Q
What is Mesenchyme?
A
Embryonic Tissue
25
Fibers of CT are produced primarily by?
Fibroblasts
26
How do Reticular Fibers stain?
Black with Silver Salts, not visible on H n E
27
Scurvy
Lacking Vitamin C
28
Types of CT Proper
1. Loose
| 2. Dense
29
Dense CT has a predominance of what tissue?
Collagen
30
2 Types of Embryonic CT
1. Mucous
| 2. Mesenchymal
31
Appositional Growth occurs where for bone?
Periosteum
32
Steroid/Lipid secretory cells are abundant where?
Smooth ER
33
Fixed cellular components of CT?
Fibroblasts
34
Wandering cellular components of CT?
Plasma Cells
Mast Cells
Macrophages
35
Marfan's Syndrome
Incorrectly made Elastic Fibers
36
3 Types of Fibers in CT
1. Collagen
2. Reticular
3. Elastic
37
Appositional Growth occurs where for cartilage?
Perichondrium
38
Location of Spongy Bone
Bone interior
39
Spongy Bone function?
Adds strength to absorb physical forces
40
Simple Diffusion
Movement from high to low concentration
41
Facilitated Diffusion
Transportation of molecules while utilizing energy
42
Cell Membrane structure
Lipid Bilayer
43
Cell Membrane function
Acts as boundary to allow cell to maintain homeostasis
44
Where are Cilia found?
Respiratory System
45
Where are Microvilli found?
Digestive System
46
Microvilli function?
Increases surface area and absorption
47
3 Junctions in a Terminal Bar
1. Tight Junction
2. Adhering Junction
3. Desmosomes
48
Epiphyseal Plate Zones
1. Resting
2. Proliferation
3. Hypertrophy
4. Calcification
5. Ossification
49
Term for Muscle Cell cytoplasm?
Sarcoplasm
50
Term for Muscle Cell membrane?
Sarcolemma
51
Term for Muscle Cell Smooth ER
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
52
2 Myofilaments in Muscle
1. Actin
| 2. Myosin
53
Components of Muscle Cells (Large to Small)
Fascicle, Myofiber, Myofibril, Myofilament
54
Simple Squamous Epithelium (Location)
Kidney, Blood Vessels
55
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium (Location)
Ovary, Kidney Tubules
56
Simple Columnar Epithelium (Location)
Digestive System
57
Pseudostratified Epithelium (Location)
Respiratory Tract
58
Transitional Epithelium (Location)
Only in Urinary System
59
What does Pseudostratified Epithelium always have?
Cilia and Goblet Cells
60
Plasma Cell Appearance
"Clock Face"
61
What are immature Elastic Fibers called?
Oxytalan
62
Cells and Fibers present in Loose CT
1. Ground Substance
2. Collagen
3. Elastic Fiber
4. Fibroblasts
63
Specialized CT Types (3)
1. Adipose
2. Reticular
3. Elastic
64
Myotendinous Junction
Where muscle attaches to bone via Tendons
65
Dark Striations
"A" Band ; Thick Myofilaments
66
Light Striations
"I" Band
67
Z Line
Bisects the "I" Band ; Made of up Alpha-Actinin
68
What is Alpha-Actinin?
Protein that makes up the Z Line
69
2 Types of Myofilaments
1. Thick (Myosin)
| 2. Thin (Actin)
70
Myosin
Composed of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains
71
3 Parts of Heavy Chain Globular Head (Myosin)
1. ATP Binding Site
2. Actin Binding Site
3. ATPase Activity
72
3 Proteins of Actin
1. G-Actin Monomers
2. Tropomyosin
3. Troponin
73
Basophilic stains what color?
Blue
74
Acidophilic stains what color?
Pink
75
Reticular Tissue (Location)
Framework of Bone Marrow, Endocrine Glands, Liver
76
What are Cilia attached to?
Basal Bodies
77
Hyaline Cartilage (Location)
Serves as a temporary skeleton in embryo
78
What are inclusions?
Non-living, non-moving parts of cell
79
What is Actin?
Commonly found in Skeletal Muscle, forms Microvilli
80
Interterritorial Matrix of Cartilage is what?
Type 1 Collagen
81
Territorial Matrix of Cartilage is what?
Type 3 Collagen
82
Keloids
Scar Tissue
83
What are microtubules?
Motor Proteins that help things move in the cell
84
Examples of Inclusions
Pigments, Proteins, Lipids, Glycogen
85
Appearance of Cilia under an EM?
"9+2"
86
What is Regeneration Cartilage Growth?
Limited, mostly forms scar tissue
87
Hyaline Cartilage composition
Chondrocytes in Lacunae and matrix
88
Pseudounipolar Cells are involved with what?
Touch, Temperature, etc
89
Composition of Spinal Cord
Gray Matter w/ Multipolar Neurons
90
Motor Neurons (3)
1. Efferent
2. Multipolar
3. Golgi Type 1
91
What cells are involved in motor function?
Multipolar
92
What cells are involved in special senses?
Bipolar
93
2 Types of Nervous Tissue
1. Excitable
| 2. Irritable
94
Interneurons (3)
1. Multipolar
2. Reflexes
3. Golgi Type II
95
Dendrite Function
Receive the signal/info
96
Most abundant type of neuron?
Multipolar
97
Sensory Neurons (3)
1. Affarent
2. Unipolar/Pseudounipolar
3. Specialties are Bipolar
98
Oligodendrocytes (Location)
C.N.S.
99
Simple Squamous Epithelium (Function)
Mediators of filtration and diffusion
100
Apocrine
- Mammary Glands, Axillary, Genital, Anal Sweat Glands
| - Secretory product expelled with SOME cytoplasm
101
Holocrine
- Secretory product + whole cell is expelled
| - Sebascious Gland
102
3 Parts of Intercalated Discs
1. Fascia Adherens
2. Macula Adherens
3. Gap Junction
103
Non-Keratonized Stratified Squamous (Location)
Linings opened to outside (Mouth, Vagina, Urethra, Anus)
104
Plasma Cells:
- Derived From?
- Produce What?
1. B-Lymphocytes
| 2. Immunoglobulins
105
Where is Elastic Tissue found?
Ligamentum Flavum, Suspensory lig of Penis, Tunica of large arteries
106
Mucous Tissue
Does not differentiate ; Wharton's Jelly of Umbilical Cord
107
What is the appearance of Microvilli?
Apical extensions of the cell membrane
108
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Rare; Ducts of sweat glands
109
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Rare, Conjunctiva of eye
110
Where are Fibroblasts found in Hyaline Cartilage?
Perichondrium
111
Perimysium
Area around entire muscle bundle
112
Endomysium
Area around each muscle cell
113
Smooth Muscle
- Weak, slow, involuntary contractions
| - No striations
114
Fascia Adherens
- Transverse Portion
| - Anchoring site for Actin
115
Macula Adherens
Desmosomes
116
Gap Junction
Enables Cardiac Muscle to act as a Syncytium
117
Skeletal Muscle
- Strong, quick, voluntary contractions
- Normal T-tubules
- Striated
118
Sharpey's Fibers
Collagen fibers that penetrate into the bone matrix to bind it to bone
119
Chondrocytes
Cartilage Cells
120
Isogenous Groups
Clusters of up to 8 chondrocytes
121
Heparin
Anti-coagulant
122
What is Argyophilic and found in Lymphatic Organs?
Reticular Fibers
123
Adipose CT
- Largest repository of energy in the body via triglycerides
- Shapes/Protects the body
1. Unilocular
2. Multilocular
124
Basal Lamina
Forms the basement membrane of the Extracellular Matrix
125
Stereocilia
Non-motile extensions of cell membrane
126
Neuroepithelial Cells
-Taste buds and Olfractory Epithelium
127
Myoepithelial Cells
- Contain Actin and Myosin
| - Secretory units of Apocrine
128
Serous
Intense Basophilia due to Rough ER and RNA
129
Histone
Cause inflammation
130
Hyaluronic Acid
- Most abundant
| - Cartilage, Synovial Fluid, Umbilical Cord
131
Keratin Sulfate
- Cornea and IVD
| - No Collagen binding
132
Multi-Adhesive Glycoproteins (MAGs)
- Interaction of Adult and Embryonic Cells
| - Adhesion of cells to their substrate
133
MAGs (2)
1. Fibronectin
| 2. Laminin
