Midterm 2 Flashcards
(231 cards)
what hormones are associated with the hypothalamus
antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)
oxytocin
what hormones are associated with the anterior pituitary
- growth hormone (GH)
- prolactin
- thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- luteinizing hormone
- melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
what hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary
antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)
oxytocin
what hormones are made in the thyroid gland?
thyroid hormone
calcitonin
what hormone is produced by the parathyroids glands
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
what hormones are made in the adrenal cortex
- glucocorticoids (cortisone, cortisol, corticosterone)
- mineralcorticoids (e.g. aldosterone)
- sex hormones (androgens, estrogens)
what hormones are made in the adrenal medulla
epinephrine and norepinephrine
what hormones are made in the pancreas
glucagon
insulin
somatostatin
digestive enzymes
what hormones do the ovaries make
- estrogens (estradiol and estrone)
- progestins
- relaxin
what hormone does the kidney make
erythropoietin
what hormone does the stomach make
gastrin
what hormones dees the small intestine make
secretin
cholecystokinin
what hormones does the placenta make
- estrogen
- progesterone
- chorionic gonadotropin (some species)
- relaxin (some species)
what hormones does the thymus make
thymosin and thymopoietin
also primitive cells in thymus transformed into T-lymphocytes
(T-cells)
what does the pineal body make
melatonin
what is the difference between endo and exocrine glands
endo are ductless, excrete directly into blood stream, exo are ducted (ie liver)
what are the animal hormone groups?
peptide
steroid
monoamine
what are peptide hormones
- hydrophilic chains of amino acids
- receptors located on cell membranes of target cells
what are steroid hormones
- synthesized from cholesterol
- hydrophobic so attach to transport protein = bound hormone
- receptors located within the cell
what are monoamine
hormones
- derived from amino acids and retain an amino group
- receptors for catecholamines located on cell membranes
- receptors for thyroid hormones located in the nucleus
describe negative vs positive feedback for hormones
- negative feedback
activity decreased by rising levels of hormone - positive feedback
activity increased by increased levels of hormone
how are hormones controlled?
level of hormone in blood directly or indirectly
“feeds back” to the gland that produced it
where is the hypothalamus
part of the diencephalon
of the brain
what does the hypothalamus do?
controls activities of the
pituitary gland