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Biology Lab > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the four main Macromolecules we learned about in class?

A

Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates

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2
Q

What contains the variable for which you are testing?

A

A positive control

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3
Q

What does not contain the variable for which you are testing?

A

A negative control

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4
Q

When you are testing to identify major types of organic compounds, which are the two treatments?

A

An unknown solution and a control to provide a standard for comparison

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5
Q

What organic compound does sugar and starch make?

A

Carbohydrates

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6
Q

What color is a positive indicator of protein?

A

Violet

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7
Q

When using iodine, what color is a positive indicator of carbohydrates?

A

Bluish-black

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8
Q

What color is a positive indicator of a lipid?

A

Hot pink

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9
Q

What does a grease spot test test for?

A

Lipids

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10
Q

What is the matrix do in column chromatography?

A

The matrix separates the chemicals mixed in the sample, it consists of beads with tiny pores and internal channels.

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11
Q

What are the three methods we learned that separate compounds from mixtures?

A

Column chromatography
Paper chromatography
Gel electrophoresis

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12
Q

In column chromatography, the _______ helps control the pH of the sample, it is a solution with a known pH that resists changes in pH if other chemicals are added.

A

buffer

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13
Q

The ______ is the material in the column that separates chemicals mixed in a sample by size and shape.

A

Matrix

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14
Q

Which shape moves through a column quicker: spherical molecules or rod-shaped molecules?

A

Rod-shaped molecules move faster

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15
Q

Which appear earlier in fractions, large molecules or small molecules?

A

Large molecules appear earlier in fractions

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16
Q

What determines a high Rf factor?

A

The farther away a sample moves from the “origin”, the higher the Rf factor

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17
Q

What determines a low Rf factor?

A

The closer a sample is to the origin, the lower the Rf factor

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18
Q

How do you calculate Rf?

A

Distance moved by sample divided by distance moved by solvent

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19
Q

What is fractionation range in column chromatography?

A

The range of molecular weights the matrix can separate.

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20
Q

What determines a matrix’s fractionation range?

A

The size of the bead’s pores.

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21
Q

In gel electrophoresis, the sample that is closest to the middle is large or small?

A

Large

22
Q

In gel electrophoresis, the sample that is closest to the edge is large or small?

A

Small

23
Q

Paper chromatography separates based on ________

A

solubility

24
Q

In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is the ______ and the mobile phase is the _______

A

paper, solvent

25
Q

If an amino acid is soluble, it will move up/down the paper?

A

Up

26
Q

Buiret test for..

A

Proteins

27
Q

Sudan 4 tests for…

A

Lipids

28
Q

Dische diphenylamine tests for…

A

Nucleic acids

29
Q

Benedict tests for…

A

Sugars

30
Q

Iodine tests for…

A

Starches

31
Q

In column chromatography, what size molecules appear first and which appear later?

A

large molecules appear first

small molecules appear later

32
Q

What are lipids made of?

A

glycerol and fatty acids

33
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

amino acids

34
Q

What is the function of a vacuole in a cell?

A

Maintains pH level of cell
Isolates harmful substances
Hydrostatic pressure maintenance

35
Q

What kingdoms contain prokaryotic organisms?

A

Archaea and Eubacteria contain prokaryotic organisms

36
Q

What is the function of a cell wall?

A

Protection, provides structural support and prevents over-expansion

37
Q

What kingdom does Spirogyra belong to? Is it a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

A

Protista, it is a eukaryote

38
Q

What kingdom contains organisms without a nucleus?

A

Monera

39
Q

Are protists eukaryotic?

A

Yes

40
Q

True or false: mitosis results in diploid daughter cells

A

True

41
Q

True or false: meiosis results in diploid daughter cells

A

False, meiosis = haploid

42
Q

What are controls?

A

Known solutions

43
Q

What are positive controls?

A

Positive controls contain the variable for which you are testing, it is known

44
Q

What color indicates sugar?

A

Blue, green, reddish orange

45
Q

2n –> 2n describes what type of cell division?

A

Diploid (Mitosis)

46
Q

Name the type of cell division during which homologues pair.

A

Meiosis 1

47
Q

2n –> n describes what type of cell division?

A

Haploid (Meiosis)

48
Q

When does crossing over occur in Meiosis?

A

During Prophase 1

49
Q

Why is blood type “O” the universal donor?

A

Because it posesses antibodies against both A and B antigens

50
Q

What blood type is the universal recipient?

A

AB

Biology Lab (6 decks)

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