Midterm Flashcards
What are the four main Macromolecules we learned about in class?
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
What contains the variable for which you are testing?
A positive control
What does not contain the variable for which you are testing?
A negative control
When you are testing to identify major types of organic compounds, which are the two treatments?
An unknown solution and a control to provide a standard for comparison
What organic compound does sugar and starch make?
Carbohydrates
What color is a positive indicator of protein?
Violet
When using iodine, what color is a positive indicator of carbohydrates?
Bluish-black
What color is a positive indicator of a lipid?
Hot pink
What does a grease spot test test for?
Lipids
What is the matrix do in column chromatography?
The matrix separates the chemicals mixed in the sample, it consists of beads with tiny pores and internal channels.
What are the three methods we learned that separate compounds from mixtures?
Column chromatography
Paper chromatography
Gel electrophoresis
In column chromatography, the _______ helps control the pH of the sample, it is a solution with a known pH that resists changes in pH if other chemicals are added.
buffer
The ______ is the material in the column that separates chemicals mixed in a sample by size and shape.
Matrix
Which shape moves through a column quicker: spherical molecules or rod-shaped molecules?
Rod-shaped molecules move faster
Which appear earlier in fractions, large molecules or small molecules?
Large molecules appear earlier in fractions
What determines a high Rf factor?
The farther away a sample moves from the “origin”, the higher the Rf factor
What determines a low Rf factor?
The closer a sample is to the origin, the lower the Rf factor
How do you calculate Rf?
Distance moved by sample divided by distance moved by solvent
What is fractionation range in column chromatography?
The range of molecular weights the matrix can separate.
What determines a matrix’s fractionation range?
The size of the bead’s pores.
In gel electrophoresis, the sample that is closest to the middle is large or small?
Large
In gel electrophoresis, the sample that is closest to the edge is large or small?
Small
Paper chromatography separates based on ________
solubility
In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is the ______ and the mobile phase is the _______
paper, solvent
If an amino acid is soluble, it will move up/down the paper?
Up
Buiret test for..
Proteins
Sudan 4 tests for…
Lipids
Dische diphenylamine tests for…
Nucleic acids
Benedict tests for…
Sugars
Iodine tests for…
Starches
In column chromatography, what size molecules appear first and which appear later?
large molecules appear first
small molecules appear later
What are lipids made of?
glycerol and fatty acids
What are proteins made of?
amino acids
What is the function of a vacuole in a cell?
Maintains pH level of cell
Isolates harmful substances
Hydrostatic pressure maintenance
What kingdoms contain prokaryotic organisms?
Archaea and Eubacteria contain prokaryotic organisms
What is the function of a cell wall?
Protection, provides structural support and prevents over-expansion
What kingdom does Spirogyra belong to? Is it a prokaryote or a eukaryote?
Protista, it is a eukaryote
What kingdom contains organisms without a nucleus?
Monera
Are protists eukaryotic?
Yes
True or false: mitosis results in diploid daughter cells
True
True or false: meiosis results in diploid daughter cells
False, meiosis = haploid
What are controls?
Known solutions
What are positive controls?
Positive controls contain the variable for which you are testing, it is known
What color indicates sugar?
Blue, green, reddish orange
2n –> 2n describes what type of cell division?
Diploid (Mitosis)
Name the type of cell division during which homologues pair.
Meiosis 1
2n –> n describes what type of cell division?
Haploid (Meiosis)
When does crossing over occur in Meiosis?
During Prophase 1
Why is blood type “O” the universal donor?
Because it posesses antibodies against both A and B antigens
What blood type is the universal recipient?
AB
