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biology lab > Lab Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Cytoplasmic organelle duplication occurs during _________.

A

Interphase

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2
Q

DNA replication and chromosome duplication occur during _________.

A

Interphase

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3
Q

The cell cycle can be broken down into four stages. List the stages.

A

G1 - Growth
S - Synthesis - Growth & DNA replication
G2 - Growth and final prep for division
M - PMATC

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4
Q

Growth and DNA replication occurs during which stage of the cell cycle?

A

Synthesis (part of interphase)

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5
Q

G1
S
G2
M

Are all part of what phase?

A

Interphase

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6
Q

What is a centriole?

A

A short, cylindrical organelle that helps form spindle during cell division

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7
Q

What is the nucleolus for?

A

It is composed of RNA and is for ribosome formation

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8
Q

What are chromatids?

A

Identical parts of a chromosome following DNA replication

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9
Q

What does spindle do?

A

Brings about chromosome movement during cell division

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10
Q

What is a centromere?

A

The structure that holds sister chromatids together

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11
Q

spindle fibers are bundles of ___________.

A

Microtubules

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12
Q

The __________ cell is the cell that divides, the resulting cells are _________ cells.

A

Parental, daughter

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13
Q

What is happening during early prophase?

A

Centrosomes have duplicated
Chromatin is condensing into chromosomes
Nuclear envelope is fragmenting

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14
Q

What is happening during prophase?

A

Nucleolus has disappeared
Duplicated chromosomes are visible
Centrosomes begin moving apart
Spindle is starting to form

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15
Q

What is happening during prometaphase?

A

The kinetichore of each chromatid is attached to a kinetochore spindle fiber

Polar spindle fibers stretch from each spindle pole and overlap

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16
Q

What is happening during metaphase?

A

Centromeres of duplicated chromosomes align at metaphase plate

Kinetochore spindle fibers attached to the sister chromatids come from opposite spindle pores

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17
Q

What is happening during anaphase?

A

Sister chromatids become daughter chromosomes

Each pole receives the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell

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18
Q

What is happening during telophase?

A

Daughter cells are forming
Nuclear envelopes and nucleoli reappear
Chromosomes become indistinct chromatin

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19
Q

What is the division of cytoplasm called?

A

Cytokenisis

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20
Q

In plant cells, during telophase, division of the cytoplasm by formation of a _______ begins.

A

Cell plate

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21
Q

The nuclei in the daughter cells have the _____ number of chromosomes as the parental cell had.

A

Same

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22
Q

What happens during crossing-over?

A

the non-sister chromatids of a homologue pair exchange genetic material

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23
Q

What are the stages of Meiosis?

A 
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Interkenesis 
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
= Daughter cells
24
Q

In females, meiosis I results in a secondary oocyte and one ___________.

A

Polar body

25
Q

What is a polar body?

A

A nonfunctioning cell that will disintegrate

26
Q

How many chromosomes are there in a gamete?

A

23

27
Q

Following fertilization, a zygote has how many chromosomes?

A

46

28
Q

2n = what?

A

Diploid

29
Q

n = what?

A

Haploid

30
Q

What is a diploid?

A

A nucleus containing the full number of chromosomes

31
Q

What is a haploid?

A

A nucleus containing half the number of chromosomes.

32
Q

How many viable sperm does spermatogenesis produce?

A

4

33
Q

How many eggs does oogenesis produce?

A

1

34
Q

True or false: only animal cells have aster

A

True

35
Q

What is aster?

A

Short fibers produced by the centrioles important during mitosis and meiosis

36
Q

Do plant cells have centrioles?

A

No, only animal cells have centrioles

37
Q

In what stage does the nuclear envelope break down?

A

Prometaphase

38
Q

In what stage do the spindle fibers attach to the kinetichore?

A

Prometaphase

39
Q

At the start of ________, the centromeres split and the sister chromatids begin to move toward opposite poles of the s
pindle.

A

Anaphase

40
Q

What is particulate theory?

A
  1. Inherited characters are determined by particular factors (genes)
  2. These factors occur in pairs
  3. When gametes form, these genes segregate so that only one of the homologous pair is contained in a particular gene
41
Q

What are Mendel’s first and second laws?

A

1st - Law of Segregation

2nd - Law of Independent Assortment

42
Q

A ______ is a unit of heredity on a chromosome.

A

Gene

43
Q

What are alleles?

A

An alternate state of a gene, contributed to an organism by its parents.

44
Q

Alleles that mask expression of other alleles but are themselves expressed are dominant, designated by a capital letter, are called what?

A

Dominant

45
Q

Alleles whose expression is masked by dominant alleles are what?

A

Recessive

46
Q

What is the difference between genotypes and phenotypes?

A

The genotype of an organism includes all the alleles present in the cell, whether dominant or recessive.

Phenotypes only include the physical appearance of the trait.

47
Q

TT or tt would be an example of what?

A

A homozygous genotype

48
Q

Tt would be an example of what?

A

A heterozygous allele

49
Q

The first generation of offspring is called what?

A

The first filial or F1 generation

50
Q

What are antigens?

A

a substance that evokes the production of one or more antibodies.

51
Q

Name a few human traits that are determined by a single gene.

A 
Widow's peak
Bent little finger
Albinism 
Attached earlobes
PTC tasting
Dimpled chin
Hitchhikers thumb
52
Q

What are some diseases inherited as single-gene traits?

A

Cystic Fibrosis
Huntington’s Diseas
Juvenile Retinoblastoma

53
Q

The fragments of DNA that McClintock studied are called what?

A

Transposons

54
Q

What is a homologous chromosome?

A

they look alike and carry the same traits.

55
Q

What is interkinesis?

A

The period of time between meiosis I and meiosis II

biology lab (6 decks)

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