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Biology Lab > Lab Practical 1 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What kind of cell is this?

A

This is an elodea cell, belongs to the Kingdom Plantae

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2
Q

What is this? Which Kingdom?

A

This is a paramecium, belonging to the Kingdom Protista

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3
Q

What is this? List structures you can see. Which kingdom does this belong to?

A

These are cheek epithelial cells. Belonging to the Kingdom Animalia. See structures below.

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4
Q

What is this? Which Kingdom does this belong to?

A

This is Euglena. It belongs to the Kingdom Protista

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5
Q

Where can you find a pyrenoid? Which species and which kingdom?

A

Spirogyra has pyrenoids, it belongs to the Kingdom Protista

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6
Q

What is this? What Kingdom does it belong to?

A

This is Cyanobacteria, it belongs to the Kingdom Monera

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7
Q

What is the first generation of offspring called?

A

F1 or Filial generation

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8
Q

What are antigens?

A

An antigen is a substance that stimulates an immune response.

Example: If a person has an A-antigen, their blood type is type A and posesses antibodies that clot type B blood

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9
Q

Why is type O blood considered the universal donor?

A

Because O blood type does not express any antigen on it’s surface that can serve as a target for antibodies produced by the recipient, it is considered the universal donor.

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10
Q

Briefly explain the blood types and antigens / antibodies they posess.

A

Type A blood produces “A” antigen and “anti-B” antibodies.<br></br> Type B blood produces “B” antigen and “anti-A” antibodies.<br></br> Type AB blood produces both “A” and “B” antigen but no antibodies.<br></br> Type O blood produces no antigen but both “anti-A” and “anti-B” antibodies.

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11
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

Incomplete dominance is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely dominant over the other allele

Example: red flowers + white flowers = pink

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12
Q
A
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13
Q
A
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14
Q

What is this? What kingdom?

A

Spirogyra, Kingdom Protista

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15
Q

What is this? What kingdom?

A

Paramecium, Kingdom Protista

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16
Q
A
  1. Chromatid
  2. Centromere

3 and 4 are irrelavant right now

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17
Q
A

Prophase

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18
Q
A

Interphase

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19
Q
A

Late Telophase

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20
Q
A

Metaphase

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21
Q
A

Anaphase

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22
Q
A

Early Telophase

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23
Q
A

Interphase 1

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24
Q
A

Prophase 1

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25
Q
A

Metaphase 1

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26
Q
A

Anaphase 1

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27
Q
A

Telophase I

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28
Q
A

Prophase 2

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29
Q
A

Metaphase 2

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30
Q
A

Anaphase 2

31
Q
A

Telophase 2

32
Q
A
33
Q
A
34
Q

True or false: Plant cells do not have a cell membrane

A

False; plant cells do have cell membranes, in fact, all cells have a cell membrane

35
Q

True or false: All cells have a nucleus

A

False; prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus

36
Q

What kingdom does Spirogyra belong to? Is it a prokaryote or a eukaryote?
.

A

Spirogyra belongs to Kingdom Protista, it is a eukaryote

37
Q

What is the function of the nucleus? What kingdom contains organisms without a nucleus?

A

The nucleus stores DNA and is the “brain” of the cell. Kingdom Monera contains organisms without a nucleus

38
Q

List a difference between plant and animal cells

A

Plant cells contain chloroplast, animal cells do not

Plant cells are fixed shapes whereas animal cells are irregularly shaped

Vacuoles are much larger in plant cells than animal cells

39
Q

Which Domain does plant and animal cells both belong to?

A

Eukarya

40
Q

How many stages are there in mitosis?

A

4, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

41
Q

True or false: Mitosis in plants is different than mitosis in animals.

A

True

42
Q

True or false: You cannot identify the stages of cell division using a microscope.

A

False, one can observe cell division with a microscope

43
Q

What is the major difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A

Meiosis is for gamete production

44
Q

During Prophase in Mitosis, the major event that occurs is:

A

During mitotic prophase, the nuclear envelope disappears and the chromosomes condense

45
Q

During Anaphase in Mitosis, the major event that occurs is:

A

During anaphase in mitosis, the major event is homologous pairs separating

46
Q

During Metaphase in Mitosis, the major event that occurs is:

A

During metaphase, the major event is homologous pairs lining up at the equator

47
Q

During Telophase in Mitosis, the major event that occurs is:

A

During Telophase, the major event is Cytokinesis

48
Q

During G phase in Mitosis, the major event that occurs is:

A

The major event in G phase is the growth of the cell to prepare for cell division

49
Q

What is the alternate form of a gene called?

A

An allele

50
Q

Mitosis produces _______ cells, whereas Meiosis produces _______ cells (diploid/haploid)

A

Mitosis produces diploid cells, whereas Meiosis produces haploid cells

51
Q

What is the difference between being heterozygous and homozygous?

A

Heterozygous is a gene with two different alleles (Tt) whereas Homozygous is a gene with the same alleles (tt).

52
Q

What is a microscope’s resolving power?

A

A microscope’s resolving power is the measure of lens quality determined by the ability to deliver clear image in fine detail.

53
Q

What is the total magnification of the microscope if the ocular is 10X and the objective is on 40X?

A

400x

54
Q

You are looking at three colored, crossed threads in the microscope. You start to move the stage down and the first thread in focus is red. The second thread that is in focus is yellow and the third is green. Which color thread is on top?

A

Green is the thread on top

55
Q

True or false: When using a microscope, the fine adjustment knob gives initial focus on low power.

A

False, the course adjustment knob gives initial focus on low power.

56
Q

What does the iris diaphragm do on a microscope?

A

The iris diaphragm regulates the amount of light passing through the stage aperture and the specimen

57
Q

What are the four main Macromolecules we learned about in class?

A

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic acids

58
Q

What are carbohydrates made of? What test do we use to test for carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrates are made of sugar, we use the Benedict and Iodine test to test for Carbohydrates.

59
Q

What are proteins made of? What test do we use to test for proteins?

A

Proteins are made of amino acids, we use the Biuret test to test for proteins

60
Q

What are lipids made of? What test do we use to test for lipids?

A

Lipids are made of glycerol and fatty acids, we use the Sudan IV and the grease spot test to test for lipids

61
Q

What are nucleic acids made of? What test do we use to test or nucleic acids?

A

Nucleic acids are made of two types of nucleotides: DNA and RNA. We use the Dische Diphenylamine test to test for nucleic acids.

62
Q

______ Chromatography separates based on size / shape

______ Chromatography separates based on solubility

______ separates based on size, shape and charge

A

Column Chromatography separates based on size / shape

Paper Chromatography separates based on solubility

Gel Electrophoresis separates based on size, shape and charge

63
Q

The positive control is ______ plus ______

A

The positive control is REAGENT plus KNOWN

64
Q

How do you calculate Rf value?

A

Distance traveled by sample divided by distance traveled by solvent

65
Q

If an amino acid is soluble, what will happen if you perform a paper chromatography test?

A

It will travel up the paper if it is soluble

66
Q

If a solution moves towards the + side of electrophoresis, what is the charge?

A

The charge would be negative if it moves towards the positive

67
Q

Dische Diphenalymine tests for _______

Biuret tests for _______

Sudan IV tests for ________

Benedict + Iodine tests for ________

A

Dische Diphenalymine tests for Nucleic Acids

Biuret tests for Proteins

Sudan IV tests for Lipids

Benedict + Iodine tests for Carbohydrates

68
Q

Briefly explain how molecules move in paper chromatography.

A

In paper chromatograpy, molecules move and separate based on solubility. Any molecules that are soluble will move WITH the solvent. Depending on the solubility, some will move faster than others

69
Q

What purpose does a buffer sever?

A

The buffer conducts energy and helps control the pH, the pH affects the stability and charge of the samples

70
Q

What three properties of molecules cause them to move differently from each other in gel electrophoresis?

A

A molecule’s size, shape, and electrical charge

71
Q

If homologues are separating, what phase of meiosis is this?

A

Anaphase I

72
Q

If the parental cell has 24 chromosomes, how many does each daughter cell have at the completion of meiosis II?

A

12

73
Q

If there are 13 pairs of homologues in a primary spermatocyte, how many chromosomes are there in a sperm?

A

13

74
Q

Name the phase of cel division during which separation of sister chromatids occurs.

A

Anaphase II

Biology Lab (6 decks)

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