midterm Flashcards
Social Psychology
discipline that seeks to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings and behaviour of individuals are influenced by actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings
kinesiology
study of human movement/action
systematic research
problems, methods, data, analysis, interpretations and conclusions
logical research
others can evaluate the conclusions drawn
empirical research
conclusions based on data
reductive research
data used to established more general relationships (studying two subjects and making a generalization)
replicable research
research process is recorded and others can repeat or build on that research
philosophical worldviews
a researchers basic set of beliefs about general orientation of the world and the nature of research
postpositivism
based on the notion of a single reality and “objective truth”, associated with the scientific method and quantitative research (good for medical research)
constructivism
based on the notion of multiple realities, focus on complexity of views, qualitative dominant (why do kids drop out of sport)
transformative
based on the notion that research is intertwined with politics, focus on action and reform that changes lives, qualitative dominant
pragmatism
based on the notion that research needs to be concerned with “what works” and solutions to problems, mixed methods dominant
quantitative research
for theory testing, describing status on variables and looking at relations among variables (scientific method)
Scientific method
- identification of the IV and DV
- formulating hypothesis
- gathering data (internal validity (control factors) and external validity (real life application))
- analyze and interpret results
comparing groups research question
example: males and females’ self esteem levels
relating independent and dependent variables research question
example: relationship between obesity and sport participation
describe response/status on a variable research question
example: peak bone growth velocity
mean
average
median
number occurring at the midpoint of the series
mode
most frequently occurring number
qualitative research
for exploring and understanding meanings ascribed by individuals or groups
4 types of qualitative data collection
documents (journals), audiovisual material (videos, websites), observations (noting a phenomenon through senses of observer), interviews (structured, unstructured etc.)
mixed methods research
combines quantitative and qualitative forms
ethics step 1
develop ethical sensitivity (who is affected by your decision)
ethics step 2
identify relevant articles from code of ethics
ethics step 3
look to ethics literature for guidance
ethics step 4
consideration of own personal bias, stress and self-interest
ethics step 5
apply ethical principles and theories (autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, fidelity and veracity)
ethics step 6
develop alternative courses of action (evaluate costs/benefits of each action)
ethics step 7
consult a trusted colleague
ethics step 8
inform appropriate people and implement decision
ethics step 9
evaluate results of your actions
autonomy
freedom to make one’s own choices and take actions based on one’s personal values and beliefs
nonmaleficence
obligation not to inflict harm upon others
beneficence
obligation to act for the benefit of others
justice
fair, equitable and appropriate treatment of others
fidelity
fulfilling one’s responsibilities of trust
veracity
truthfulness
compassion
regard for another’s welfare and an awareness of misfortune/suffering
discernment
being able to make fitting judgements without being unduly influenced by extraneous factors
trustworthiness
warranting confidence in one’s character and conduct
integrity
knowing one’s own personal ideals and being faithful to them
conscientiousness
acting to determine what’s right, intend to do what’s right and putting effort towards doing what is right
key categories of social determinants of health
education access and quality, healthcare access and quality, neighbourhood and built environment, social and community context, economic stability
