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midterm Flashcards

1
Q

psychology

A

-scientific study of the and behavior
-systematic methodical study of how humans percieve the world through senses

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2
Q

nature vs. nurture

A

-controversy over whether human traits and behaviors are based on biology or one’s environment/experiences

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3
Q

structuralism

A

-explores structures of the mind through introspection
-edward titchener pioneered it

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4
Q

functionalism

A

-understanding how the concious mind functions
-helping people adapt to their environment
-william james

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5
Q

behaviorism

A

-solely enviroinmental factors shape behavior and thoughts
-unconcious = irrelevant
-psych should only study what can e observed or measured objectively
-popular from 1920s-1960s
-founded by john b watson, furthered by b f skinner

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6
Q

psychoanalysis

A

-focus on abnormal behavior
-all behavior and mental processes are directed by unconcious forces
-problems come form unresolved conflict in unconcious mind
-sigmund freud

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7
Q

cerebellum

A

-at the rear of the brainstem
-controls heart beat
-processing sensory input
-coordinating movement and balance
-nonverbal learning
-memory

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8
Q

thalamus

A

-at the top of the brainstem
-relay station for incoming and outgoing sesnory information (except smell)

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9
Q

amygdala

A

-two limabean sized neural clusters
-linked to emotion, fear, and aggression
-math anxiety = hyperactivty in right amygdala
-criminal behavior = amygdala disfunction
-angry faces increase activity ther

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10
Q

occipital lobe

A

-ocntrols fucntions like body positions, spatial reasoning, touch, pressure

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11
Q

frontal lobe

A

-controls functions like judgement, planning, producing speech sounds, emotions, personality, temperament, movement

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12
Q

temporal lobe

A

-controls fucntions like auditory (recieves info from opposit ear), storying long term memories, speech, language, and understanding

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13
Q

plasticity

A

-brain’s ability to continnously change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience

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14
Q

consciousnes

A

-our subjective experience of the external world (environment) and ourselves (mental activty)

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15
Q

stage 1 of sleep

A

-just drifting to sleep
-may experience fantastic images and/r auditory halluncinations
-mix of alpha and theta waves

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16
Q

stage 2 of sleep

A

-breathing becomes more regular
-more relaxed
-cleraly asleep
-sleep spindles (short bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain-wave activty)
-k complexes

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17
Q

stage 3

A

-aka slow wave
-deepest sleep
-hard to awaken
-only lasts about 30 mins
-characterized by large delta waves

18
Q

REM sleep

A

-low amplitude
-fast and regular beta waves
-rapid eye movement
-awake alert mind (almost as active as being awake)
-vivid dreams
-paralysis of motor system

19
Q

dreams

A

-products of consciousness during sleep in which a person confused images and fantasies with reality
-usually story-like unfolding mental imagery
-approx. 6 years of life spent dreaming

20
Q

myelin sheath

A

-fatty tussue that insulates aaxon
-speeding up transmissions of the message

21
Q

dendrites

A

-recieve and intergrate incoming messages

22
Q

serotonin

A

-emotional states
-regulate apetie
-involved in sleep and wake cycle

23
Q

neurotransmitter

A

-chemical sustance that crosses the snapse to carry on the message to the next neuron

24
Q

REM behavior disorder

A

-muscles are not paralyzed in REM as they should be
-allowing person to act out their dreams
-usually vivd, violent, intense dreams

25
night terror
-sudden arousal from sleep and intense fear accompanied by physciological reacctions (occurs 1st sleep cycle of the night) -seems to be related to some fear child has but is not the same as a nightmare -if not awakened the child often won't rememer it
26
sleep apnea
-throat closes and reathing stops -wake up hundreds of time a night so they will begin breathing again -treatments are weight loss and CPAP
27
insomnia
-inability to sleep, difficulty falling asleep and staying alseep -12-20% of adults have it
28
narcolepsy
-overpowering urge to fall asleep -may occur while talking or standing up
29
antisocial personality disorder
-lack of conforming to laws -repeated decietfulness in relationships such as lying, suing false names, or conning others for profit/pleasure -failure to think or plan ahead (impulsivity) -tendency to irritability, anger, aggression shown by repeatedly assaulting others or getting into frequent physical fights -direagard fo rpersonal saftey or safety of others
30
dissociative personality disorder
-aka multiple personality disorder -2 or more distinct personalities each of which can speak, act, and write in different ways -different identities also seem to have their own memories, wishes, impules (ofetn conflict) -problem occurs bc there is only 1 body to house the different personalities, must take turns -great variability in personalities = inconsistent behavior
31
borderline personality disorder
-marked by an ongoing pattern of varying mood, self-image, and behavior -symptoms result in impulsive actions and problems in relationships
32
paranoid personality disorder
-characterized by paranoia and a pervasive long-standing suspicousness and generalized mistrust of tohers
33
dependent personality disorder
-inability to be alone -developing symtoms of anxiety when theyre not around others =needing constant reassuracnes from others ot funcion
34
schizoid personality disorder
-pattern of indifference to soical relationships -limited emotional expression and experience -manifests by early adulthood thorugh social and emoitional detachments that preent having close relatinship
35
schizotypal
-social and interpersonal difficulties that include sense of discomfort w close relationships, eccentric beavhor, and unusual thoughts/ persceptions of reality -distorted thinking -beahve strangely -aboid intimacy
36
conduct disorder
-basic rights of others or major age appropriate norms are violated -"antisocial behaviors" -kids can be diagnosed
37
oppositional deffiant disorder
-anger, irritability, arguing, defiance, or vindicitiveness toward parents and other atuhroity figures
38
3 clusters
-cluster a: odd/ eccentric, paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal -cluster b: dramatic: borderline, antisocial, narcisstic -cluster c: anxious, avoidant, dependent, OCPD
39
maslows hierarchy of needs
-physiological needs -saftey and security -love and belonging -self esteem -self-actualization
40
primary emotions
-adaptive -shared across cultures -associated w specifc physical states -ex. anger, fear, sadness, disgust, happiness
41
secondary emotions
-blend of primary emotions -ex. remorse, guilt, shame, submission, anticipation

psychology (6 decks)

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